Joint thermal contact conductance h r Radiation heat transfer coefficient ΔT Temperature drop across the interface H Vickers hardness k Effective thermal conductivity, k = 2k 1 k 2 / (k 1 + k 2 ) m Effective arithmetic average slope, m = m 2 1 + m 2 2 P Normalized pressure, P = P H P Applied pressure Q Heat flow rate R qEffective root mean square roughness,U Q 1 , U Q 2 Uncertainties in the estimation of heat fluxes, Q 1 and Q 2