Inverse identification of the release location, temporal rates, and sensor alarming time of an airborne pollutant source

Zhang, Tengfei; Zhou, Heng; Wang, S

doi:10.1111/ina.12153

Cited by 42 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Otherwise, the second order should not be issued because it could lead to a higher exposure risk. For this specific case, the threshold of the source identification time was 32 seconds, which currently cannot be attained with the most efficient inverse modeling of indoor airborne contaminant source identification (Wang et al., ; Zhang et al., , ).…”

Section: Results and Discussion Of Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentration data detected by sensors are transferred to the building management system (BMS). Next, the source identification process begins according to the inverse dynamic model and monitoring data (Liu & Zhai, ; Wang, Lu, Cheng, & Zhai, ; Zhang & Chen, ; Zhang, Li, & Wang, ; Zhang, Zhou, & Wang, ). Similarly, the duration T 2 – T 1 is defined as the source identification time needed by the inverse model.…”

Section: Analysis Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Risk Assessment Approach for Evaluating the Impact of Toxic Contaminants Released Indoors by Considering Various Emergency Ventilation and Evacuation Strategies

et al. 2018

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The release of toxic airborne contaminants resulting from terrorist attacks on buildings can lead to disastrous consequences. To evaluate and reduce the effects of these emergencies, various methods and models have been developed in the past few years. Such work has provided effective tools for the building management system to do risk assessment of the contaminated areas. Although risk analysis methods to describe the contaminant dispersion scenarios made significant progress, these approaches did not generally consider the releasing scenario occurring in the ventilation system and the effect of human behavior during the developing process of an emergency event. Emergency strategies chosen by the decisionmaker are not always associated with the early-warning system, such as the sensor monitoring network and the source identification system inside the building. This study aims to provide a risk assessment model considering both the variation of contaminant concentration and occupant distribution after the release of toxic agents to obtain the exposure risk for people indoors. The contaminant dispersion is simulated using computational fluid dynamics. The evacuation process for people is modeled using Pathfinder, and the exposure risk for occupants under various emergency strategies is calculated using the efficiency factor of the contaminant source. The results of the exposure risk for 40 basic cases are discussed, and the optimal ventilation mode for these specific cases is recommended. Next, the impact of the variation of human behavior, contaminant detection time needed by sensors, and source identification time needed by inverse modeling on the exposure risk for people indoor is studied. The uncertainty and reproducibility of the numerical simulations are emphatically discussed in the Supporting Information.

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Section: Results and Discussion Of Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Risk Assessment Approach for Evaluating the Impact of Toxic Contaminants Released Indoors by Considering Various Emergency Ventilation and Evacuation Strategies

et al. 2018

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“…Such a scenario is viable at least for inverse identification of species sources. For example, Zhang et al [121] backwardly determined the pollutant source release rates at all possible source locations first and then identified the correct source in a forward matching process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art methods for inverse design of an enclosed environment

Liu

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2015

Building and Environment

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a b s t r a c tThe conventional design of enclosed environments uses a trial-and-error approach that is time consuming and may not meet the design objective. Inverse design concept uses the desired enclosed environment as the design objective and inversely determines the systems required to achieve the objective. This paper discusses a number of backward and forward methods for inverse design. Backward methods, such as the quasi-reversibility method, pseudo-reversibility method, and regularized inverse matrix method, can be used to identify contaminant sources in an enclosed environment. However, these methods cannot be used to inversely design a desired indoor environment. Forward methods, such as the CFD-based adjoint method, CFD-based genetic algorithm method, and proper orthogonal decomposition method, show the promise in the inverse design of airflow and heat transfer in an enclosed environment. The CFD-based adjoint method is accurate and can handle many design parameters without increasing computing costs, but the method may find a locally optimal design that could meet the design objective with constrains. The CFD-based genetic algorithm method, on the other hand, can provide the global optimal design that can meet the design objective without constraints, but the computing cost can increase dramatically with the number of design parameters. The proper orthogonal decomposition method is a reduced-order method that can significantly lower computing costs, but at the expense of reduced accuracy. This paper also discusses the possibility to reduce the computing costs of CFD-based design methods.

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“…These behaviors significantly differ from those of gaseous contaminants and render particle transport more complex, potentially complicating source localization efforts [35]. Moreover, source localization is more difficult when the release rate of a particle source changes with time [36]. In addition, different indoor ventilation systems (such as the typical mixing and displacement ventilation systems) can alter contaminant dispersion features and exacerbate source localization complications [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved particle swarm optimization method for locating time-varying indoor particle sources

Feng

Cai

et al. 2019

Building and Environment

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A B S T R A C TThe indoor transmission of airborne particles can spread disease and have health-related and even life-threatening effects on occupants, thus necessitating effective ways to locate indoor particle sources. The identification of particle sources from concentration distributions is a difficult task because particles are often released at a time-varying rate, and particle transport mechanisms are more complex than those of gas. This study proposes an improved multi-robot olfactory search method for locating two types of time-varying indoor particle sources: 1) periodic sources such as occupants' respiratory activities and 2) decaying sources such as laboratory leaky containers with hazardous chemicals. The method considers both particle concentrations and indoor air velocities by including an upwind term in the standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, preventing robots from becoming trapped into a local optimum, which occurs when using other algorithms. We also considered two ventilation types (mixing ventilation and displacement ventilation) when particles are emitted from different source types, comprising four scenarios. For each scenario, particle concentration and air velocity were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and then fed to the PSO algorithm for source localization. In addition, we validated the CFD approach for one scenario by comparing experimental data (e.g., velocities and particle concentrations) under laboratory settings. The results showed that the proposed method can locate the two types of particle sources within approximately 55 s, and the success rates of source localization exceeding 96%, which is a much higher level than levels achieved from the standard PSO and wind utilization II algorithms.

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Inverse identification of the release location, temporal rates, and sensor alarming time of an airborne pollutant source

Abstract: The proposed inverse model can tell where, when, and how a gaseous pollutant has been accidently released based on the monitoring concentrations measured by two sensors. This methodology can be useful for providing emergency protection to indoor occupants.

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

A Risk Assessment Approach for Evaluating the Impact of Toxic Contaminants Released Indoors by Considering Various Emergency Ventilation and Evacuation Strategies

A Risk Assessment Approach for Evaluating the Impact of Toxic Contaminants Released Indoors by Considering Various Emergency Ventilation and Evacuation Strategies

State-of-the-art methods for inverse design of an enclosed environment

An improved particle swarm optimization method for locating time-varying indoor particle sources

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