Inverse optical design of the human eye using likelihood methods and wavefront sensing

Sakamoto, Julia A.; Barrett, Harrison H.; Goncharov, Alexander V.

doi:10.1364/oe.16.000304

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Investigators have been working on the design of patient-specific models in almost all areas of human physiology, at many spatial levels, which include bone structures2,23,51,57,60, skeletal muscle63, brain31,83, eye68, tongue9, teeth56, lungs20, heart38,53,67, large arteries7,33,73,84, and digestive system10,70. Modeled physics include electrophysiology, solid mechanics, fluid dynamics (gas and fluid), chemistry, thermal dynamics, and combinations of these.…”

Section: Mechanistic Patient-specific Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling for Bedside Application

Kerckhoffs

Narayan

Omens

et al. 2008

Heart Failure Clinics

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With growing computer power, novel diagnostic and therapeutic medical technologies, coupled with an increasing knowledge of pathophysiology from gene to organ systems, it is increasingly feasible to apply multi-scale patient-specific modeling based on proven disease mechanisms to guide and predict the response to therapy in many aspects of medicine. This is an exciting and relatively new approach, for which efficient methods and computational tools are of the utmost importance. Already, investigators have designed patient-specific models in almost all areas of human physiology. Not only will these models be useful on a large scale in the clinic to predict and optimize the outcome from surgery and non-interventional therapy, but they will also provide pathophysiologic insights from cell to tissue to organ system, and therefore help to understand why specific interventions succeed or fail.

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Section: Mechanistic Patient-specific Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling for Bedside Application

Kerckhoffs

Narayan

Omens

et al. 2008

Heart Failure Clinics

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“…Some of the new finite model eyes are very sophisticated, encyclopaedic in scope, with all of the features mentioned in the previous paragraph and gradient index distributions . Some use ‘reverse engineering’, in which measured on‐axis and off‐axis aberration and ocular biometry in a population are used with an optimisation routine in an optical design program to determine other parameters . Although the derived parameters may not be anatomically accurate, the model may nevertheless be useful for describing the eye's functional capabilities.…”

Section: Paraxial Versus Finite Optical Model Eyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical models of the human eye

Atchison

Thibos

2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

107

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Optical models of the human eye have been used in visual science for purposes such as providing a framework for explaining optical phenomena in vision, for predicting how refraction and aberrations are affected by change in ocular biometry and as computational tools for exploring the limitations imposed on vision by the optical system of the eye. We address the issue of what is understood by optical model eyes, discussing the 'encyclopaedia' and 'toy train' approaches to modelling. An extensive list of purposes of models is provided. We discuss many of the theoretical types of optical models (also schematic eyes) of varying anatomical accuracy, including single, three and four refracting surface variants. We cover the models with lens structure in the form of nested shells and gradient index. Many optical eye models give accurate predictions only for small angles and small fields of view. If aberrations and image quality are important to consider, such 'paraxial' model eyes must be replaced by 'finite model' eyes incorporating features such as aspheric surfaces, tilts and decentrations, wavelength-dependent media and curved retinas. Many optical model eyes are population averages and must become adaptable to account for age, gender, ethnicity, refractive error and accommodation. They can also be customised for the individual when extensive ocular biometry and optical performance data are available. We consider which optical model should be used for a particular purpose, adhering to the principle that the best model is the simplest fit for the task. We provide a glimpse into the future of optical models of the human eye. This review is interwoven with historical developments, highlighting the important people who have contributed so richly to our understanding of visual optics.Key words: finite models, optical models, paraxial models, schematic eyes, visual optics During their investigations in vision science, both authors have relied heavily on optical models of the eye. Their reasons for developing and using these include establishing a framework for explaining optical phenomena in vision, for predicting how aberrations are affected by change in ocular biometry and as a computational tool for exploring the limitations imposed on vision by the optical system of the eye. It seems fitting to assemble our ideas on the subject here, as well as to acknowledge our forebears and colleagues. To develop the flow of ideas, we have omitted equations.We begin by asking 'What is an optical model eye, anyway?' A short answer is that optical models summarise and organise our understanding of the eye as an optical system and provide a conceptual framework for thinking about how the retinal image is formed to launch the visual process. Eye models fall into two different categories. One is the 'encyclopaedia' type of model, which means that the model is a mechanistic summary of everything we know about the eye's optical system and how it works. The encyclopaedic model is a compact, working representation of knowledge about ocular...

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“…Therefore we obtained an "optimised model" with better prediction of the wavefront aberrations found in the experimental AE model. This is analogous to inverse optical design [14,15]. For a given amount of aberrations, one could perform re-optimisation to match the experimental data.…”

Section: Experimental Characterization Of the Artificial Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse optical design: building and testing an artificial eye

Goncharov

Lerat

Nowakowski

et al. 2009

Modeling Aspects in Optical Metrology II

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We present an optical design and describe the way to build and test a new model of the human eye. This model is intended to work specifically with wide field angles featuring invariant aberrations across the field. Our model is a compromise between the simplicity of the design (using only two plano-convex lenses) and its ability to imitate the real properties of ocular aberrations. The position of the aperture stop in the system as well as the concentricity of the first and the last surfaces allowed us to control the field aberrations. We model the artificial eye using the optical design software Zemax. Our ray-tracing analysis and experimental results are discussed in relation to the inverse optical design, which enables us to find the imperfections in the artificial eye with interferometric testing. Measuring wavefront aberrations in double pass on axis we could identify the manufacturing errors in lens characteristics as well as find their misalignment errors. The inverse optical design involves modification of the original eye model parameters (thickness, radius of curvatures, asphericity, lens centration and tilts) to match the experimental measurements of the wavefront aberrations. We identified the sources of errors and verified that the overall performance of the artificial eye is comparable with the theoretical wide-field eye model, which is based on the average properties of the real human eye.

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Inverse optical design of the human eye using likelihood methods and wavefront sensing

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Computational Modeling for Bedside Application

Computational Modeling for Bedside Application

Optical models of the human eye

Inverse optical design: building and testing an artificial eye

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