Inverse photoemission

Andrews, Peter T.

doi:10.1016/0042-207x(88)90056-5

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For the analysis of photons in the VUV range, spectrometers have been also used [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. However, these spectrometers were low in the photon detection efficiency because of the low reflectivity of gratings in the VUV range and the small solid angel of photon collection.…”

Section: Basic Idea Of Low-energy Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Principle and application of low energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy: A new method for measuring unoccupied states of organic semiconductors

Yoshida

2015

Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Information about the unoccupied states is crucial to both fundamental and applied physics of organic semiconductors. However, there were no available experimental methods that meet the requirement of such research. In this review, we describe a new experimental method to examine the unoccupied states, called low-energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy (LEIPS). An electron having the kinetic energy lower than the damage threshold of organic molecules is introduced to a sample film, and an emitted photon in the near-ultraviolet range is detected with high resolution and sensitivity. Unlike the previous inverse photoemission spectroscopy, the sample damage is negligible and the overall resolution is a factor of two improved to 0.25 eV. Using LEIPS, electron affinity of organic semiconductor can be determined with the same precision as photoemission spectroscopy for ionization energy. The instruments including an electron source and photon detectors as well as application to organic semiconductors are presented. Keywords low-energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy; unoccupied state; electron affinity; organic semiconductor; © 2015. This manuscript version is made available under the Elsevier user license

show abstract

Section: Basic Idea Of Low-energy Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Principle and application of low energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy: A new method for measuring unoccupied states of organic semiconductors

Yoshida

2015

Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…So far, IPES has been performed using grating spectrometers in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) range, with photon energies between 10 and 100 eV. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] There are several drawbacks. First, the collection efficiency of photons is limited by the solid angle of the grating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the reflectance of the aluminum coated mirrors is low in the VUV range (particularly below 170 nm) and the surface easily deteriorates in air. 33 In order to design a spectrometer without mirrors, a concave or toroidal grating has been used for IPES at grazing angles, 24 and at the normal angle with the Roland circle [25][26][27][28] or off-Roland circle [29][30][31][32] configurations. The diffraction efficiency of such gratings is in the range of 4% 27,31 to 15%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 In order to design a spectrometer without mirrors, a concave or toroidal grating has been used for IPES at grazing angles, 24 and at the normal angle with the Roland circle [25][26][27][28] or off-Roland circle [29][30][31][32] configurations. The diffraction efficiency of such gratings is in the range of 4% 27,31 to 15%. 25 Third, the instruments are much more complicated and expensive than those that use a bandpass detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurements are made both in the isochromat and TPE modes. The performance is discussed in comparison with the reported IPES apparatus with the grating spectrometers [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] and the previous LEIPS apparatus using the bandpass filter. 34…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Low-energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy using a high-resolution grating spectrometer in the near ultraviolet range

Yoshida

2013

Review of Scientific Instruments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) apparatus using a Czerny-Turner grating spectrometer is demonstrated. Previous IPES instruments based on grating spectrometers used a concave grating and operated in the vacuum ultraviolet range. The reflectance of such gratings is lower than 20% and the aberration cannot be finely corrected leading to an energy resolution of up to 0.1 eV. In the present study, employing the low energy IPES regime [H. Yoshida, Chem. Phys. Lett. 539-540, 180 (2012)], incident electrons with a kinetic energy below 5 eV are used, while photon emission in the range of between 250 and 370 nm is analyzed with a 10-cm Czerny-Turner grating spectrometer. The signal intensity is at least 30 times higher than the previous apparatus. The resolution of photon detection is set at 0.07 eV though the ultimate resolution is one order of magnitude higher. The experiment is performed both by sweeping the electron energy (isochromat mode) and by simultaneously analyzing the photon of whole wavelength range (tunable photon energy mode).

show abstract

Figs. 415 - 436

Jakobi¹

Electronic and Vibrational Properties

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inverse photoemission

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Principle and application of low energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy: A new method for measuring unoccupied states of organic semiconductors

Principle and application of low energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy: A new method for measuring unoccupied states of organic semiconductors

Low-energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy using a high-resolution grating spectrometer in the near ultraviolet range

Figs. 415 - 436

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About