Inverse Relationship between Birth Weight and Blood Pressure in Growth-Retarded but Not in Appropriate for Gestational Age Infants during the First Week of Life

Smal, J; Uiterwaal, Cuno S.P.M.; Bruinse, Hein W.; Steendijk, Paul; Bel, Frank van

doi:10.1159/000203338

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Indeed, in small for gestational age infants, birth weight is correlated inversely with BP in the first week of life [18] , suggesting that the programming effects of low birth weight on BP outcomes occur in utero. Although the mechanisms underlying early programming of the development of hypertension in later life are not fully elucidated, the available experimental evidence suggests a crucial role for the kidney [10,19,20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Birth Weight Is Associated with Reduced Nephron Number and Increased Blood Pressure in Adulthood in a Novel Spontaneous Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Model in Yucatan Miniature Swine

Myrie¹,

McKnight²,

Vliet

et al. 2011

Neonatology

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Background: Impaired fetal growth and rapid postnatal growth are associated with programming of hypertension and metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Objectives: This study evaluated this phenomenon in a novel spontaneous intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) model in Yucatan miniature pigs. Methods: IUGR piglets (n = 6, 3 days old, 0.73 ± 0.11 kg) were paired with a normal weight (NW) same-sex littermate (n = 6, 1.11 ± 0.13 kg), fed milk replacer for 4 weeks followed by a standard diet ad libitum for 5 h/day. At 9 months of age, arterial blood pressure (BP) telemeters were implanted to assess BP before (0.5% NaCl) and after (4.5% NaCl) a 7-day salt-loading period. At 10 months of age, nephron numbers were determined. Results: Prior to sexual maturity, IUGR pigs showed greater (p < 0.05) relative feed intake and experienced significant catch-up growth. Adult IUGR pigs also had higher BP (diastolic BP: 93.8 ± 5.5 vs. 90.0 ± 8.7 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and 43% fewer nephrons per kidney (p < 0.05). Nephron number was positively associated with birth weight and negatively correlated with BP (p < 0.05). Acute salt loading increased BP in both groups (p < 0.05); however, the degree of salt sensitivity was similar between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, IUGR piglets have reduced nephron endowment associated with a modest BP increase in early adulthood. This new model can be used to conduct longitudinal mechanistic studies on the early programming phenomenon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Birth Weight Is Associated with Reduced Nephron Number and Increased Blood Pressure in Adulthood in a Novel Spontaneous Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Model in Yucatan Miniature Swine

Myrie¹,

McKnight²,

Vliet

et al. 2011

Neonatology

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“…There may be differences in the relationship between birth weight and BP in preterm babies small (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) in the first week of life [18]. AGA babies showed the expected positive correlation between birth weight and BP while SGA babies did not [18]. There are limited data on newborn BP in African children, in particular exploring the relationships between their BP, birth size and exposure to malaria in utero.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Malaria, Birth Size and Blood Pressure in Nigerian Newborns: Insights into the Developmental Origins of Hypertension from the Ibadan Growth Cohort

et al. 2011

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BackgroundHypertension is an increasing health issue in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria remains common in pregnancy. We established a birth cohort in Nigeria to evaluate the early impact of maternal malaria on newborn blood pressure (BP).MethodsAnthropometric measurements, BP, blood films for malaria parasites and haematocrit were obtained in 436 mother-baby pairs. Women were grouped to distinguish between the timing of malaria parasitaemia as ‘No Malaria’, ‘Malaria during pregnancy only’ or ‘Malaria at delivery’, and parasite density as low (<1000 parasites/µl of blood) and high (≥1000/µl).ResultsPrevalence of maternal malaria parasitaemia was 48%, associated with younger maternal age (p<0.001), being primigravid (p = 0.022), lower haematocrit (p = 0.028). High parasite density through pregnancy had the largest effect on mean birth indices so that weight, length, head and mid-upper arm circumferences were smaller by 300 g, 1.1 cm, 0.7 cm and 0.4 cm respectively compared with ‘No malaria’ (all p≤0.005). In babies of mothers who had ‘malaria at delivery’, their SBPs adjusted for other confounders were lower respectively by 4.3 and 5.7 mmHg/kg compared with ‘malaria during pregnancy only’ or ‘none’. In contrast the mean newborn systolic (SBP) and diastolic BPs (DBP) adjusted for birth weight were higher by 1.7 and 1.4 mmHg/kg respectively in babies whose mothers had high compared with low parasitaemia.ConclusionsAs expected, prenatal malarial exposure had a significant impact on fetal growth rates. Malaria at delivery was associated with the lowest newborn BPs while malaria through pregnancy, which may attenuate growth of the vascular network, generated higher newborn BPs adjusted for size. These neonatal findings have potential implications for cardiovascular health in sub-Saharan Africa.

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“…Conflicting results have been reported about the effect of fetal growth on BP [4,19]. Several factors such as sympathetic overactivity [20] and postnatal growth may explain these conflicting results [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Decreased Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels on Central Aortic Compliance in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants

Akazawa¹,

Kamiya²,

Yamazaki³

et al. 2016

Neonatology

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Background: Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with arterial hypertension in adulthood; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Objectives: We hypothesized that serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels affect central aortic elastic properties and structure in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. Methods: Eighteen SGA infants and 22 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants were enrolled in this study. The serum IGF-1 level within 1 h of birth and abdominal aortic echo parameters at 1 week of age were retrospectively compared. Results: In the SGA infants, IGF-1 levels (27.6 ± 17.7 vs. 42.6 ± 15 ng/ml, p = 0.006), aortic strain (10.2 ± 3.1 vs. 12.8 ± 3.1%, p = 0.01), and aortic distensibility (0.73 ± 0.19 vs. 0.92 ± 0.34 cm²/dyn × 10^-4, p = 0.05) were significantly lower compared with AGA infants. By contrast, blood pressure, aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) in relation to body weight (383 ± 163 vs. 256 ± 43 μm/kg, p < 0.001), aortic stiffness index in relation to body weight (2.0 ± 1.7 vs. 1.1 ± 0.4, p = 0.005), and arterial pressure-strain elastic modulus (293 ± 72 vs. 242 ± 78 mm Hg, p = 0.04) were higher compared with AGA infants. In the SGA infants, IGF-1 levels were significantly correlated with aortic strain (r = 0.49, p = 0.04), aIMT in relation to body weight (r = -0.61, p = 0.007), and aortic stiffness index in relation to body weight (r = -0.63, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Decreased serum IGF-1 levels in SGA infants may affect the vascular compliance and structure of the central aorta.

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Inverse Relationship between Birth Weight and Blood Pressure in Growth-Retarded but Not in Appropriate for Gestational Age Infants during the First Week of Life

Cited by 19 publications

References 72 publications

Low Birth Weight Is Associated with Reduced Nephron Number and Increased Blood Pressure in Adulthood in a Novel Spontaneous Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Model in Yucatan Miniature Swine

Low Birth Weight Is Associated with Reduced Nephron Number and Increased Blood Pressure in Adulthood in a Novel Spontaneous Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Model in Yucatan Miniature Swine

Maternal Malaria, Birth Size and Blood Pressure in Nigerian Newborns: Insights into the Developmental Origins of Hypertension from the Ibadan Growth Cohort

Impact of Decreased Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels on Central Aortic Compliance in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants

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