Inverse Relationship between Sleep Duration and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Children

Abstract

Aim: Poor sleep has been shown to be associated with the development of cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, in both adults and children. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and arterial stiffness indices in Japanese children and early adolescents.Methods: The data on 102 students (56 males, 46 females; mean age, 11.9 ± 1.8 years) were analyzed. As non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV) were evaluated. Their students' sleep habits (bedtime and wake times on a usual weekday) were investigated using questionnaires, and based on these, their sleep durations were calculated.Results: The CAVI values in the males and females were 4.8 ± 0.9 and 4.7 ± 0.9 (arbitrary unit), respectively. haPWV values in the males and females were 5.5 ± 0.6 and 5.4 ± 0.6 m/s, respectively. Sleep duration in the males, but not in the females, was negatively correlated with CAVI (r = −0.356) and haPWV (r = −0.356), suggesting that students with short sleep duration could have increased arterial stiffness. After adjusting for confounders, such as age, sex, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, adiposity, and physical fitness, the correlation of sleep duration with CAVI, but not with haPWV, was still significant (partial r = −0.253, p < 0.05).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that shorter sleep duration influences arterial stiffening even in childhood.

New Horizons of Arterial Stiffness Developed Using Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI)

“…CAVI is significantly higher in shift workers 94) and workers working long overtime hours 95) . There is an inverse relationship between sleep duration and CAVI in children 96) . Interestingly, Shimizu et al 97) reported that people had higher CAVI shortly after experiencing a huge earthquake, even though they were in a hospital situated about 300 km from the epicenter of the earthquake.…”

Pediatric reference values for arterial stiffness parameters cardio-ankle vascular index and CAVI0

“…In children, there are only few studies on arterial stiffness measured using CAVI. These studies showed increased CAVI in adolescents with essential hypertension compared to healthy controls, positive correlation with age, and an inverse relationship with body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration (Mestanik et al 2016(Mestanik et al , 2017Morita et al 2016;Philip et al 2015). However, the interpretation and clinical application of CAVI as a marker of arterial stiffness in pediatric healthcare is limited due to absence of studies on its sex-and age-specific physiological values during childhood.…”

Actigraphy-based sleep characteristics and aortic stiffness: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

“…Previous studies linking self-reported sleep duration to arterial stiffness have revealed mixed results. For example, short sleep duration was associated with higher arterial stiffness in middle aged Chinese population with nonalcoholic fatty liver (Cao et al, 2016a), children (Morita et al, 2016), and an elderly population (Zonoozi et al, 2017). On the other hand, several population- based studies have reported associations between long sleep duration and increased arterial stiffness measured by brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) in middle aged Japanese civil servants (Yoshioka et al, 2011b), Taiwanese males (Tsai et al, 2014b) and elderly in Japan (Niijima et al, 2016).…”