The final ringdown phase in a coalescence process is a valuable laboratory to test General Relativity and potentially constrain additional degrees of freedom in the gravitational sector. We introduce here an effective description for perturbations around spherically symmetric spacetimes in the context of scalar-tensor theories, which we apply to study quasinormal modes for black holes with scalar hair. We derive the equations of motion governing the dynamics of both the polar and the axial modes in terms of the coefficients of the effective theory. Assuming the deviation of the background from Schwarzschild is small, we use the WKB method to introduce the notion of "light ring expansion". This approximation is analogous to the slow-roll expansion used for inflation, and it allows us to express the quasinormal mode spectrum in terms of a small number of parameters. This work is a first step in describing, in a model independent way, how the scalar hair can affect the ringdown stage and leave signatures on the emitted gravitational wave signal. Potential signatures include the shifting of the quasi-normal spectrum, the breaking of isospectrality between polar and axial modes, and the existence of scalar radiation. arXiv:1810.07706v3 [hep-th] 1 Feb 2019 F The Regge-Wheeler equations 44 G Isolating the gravitational waves -the large radius limit 44 H Bianchi identities 46 -1 -out. The non-invariance under shifts of the Hamiltonian constraints, responsible for this fact, is at the core of the construction of shift-symmetric adiabatic modes on FLRW spacetimes [33, 34]. 6In other words, the relevant potential for the odd modes depends exclusively on the background metric components, with exactly the same functional dependence as in GR. This still leaves open the possibility of a modification to the odd QNM spectrum if the metric is different from Schwarzschild.