Inversion of heavy crude oil-in-brine emulsions

Sun, Ruize; Shook, C. A.

doi:10.1016/0920-4105(95)00043-7

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similar results were found in a nonionic surfactant stabilized O/W emulsion [37]. Triton X-114 is one of the commonly used non-ionic surfactants based on their ability to withstand the salinity of the produced water, they are also cheap, their emulsion is easy to separate, and they do not form undesirable organic residues that affect the oil properties [79]. However, the use of anionic and non-ionic surfactants produced a synergistic effect that allows a lower viscosity and more stable O/W emulsion.…”

Section: Emulsificationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Flow of Heavy Oils at Low Temperatures: Potential Challenges and Solutions

Soliman¹

2019

Processing of Heavy Crude Oils - Challenges and Opportunities

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Global demand for non-conventional heavy and extra-heavy oil has been marginal until the end of twentieth century because of their composition complexity and high viscosity that cause many operational difficulties in the production with decline of their economic viability. However, growing energy demands in the beginning of the twenty-first century motivate many countries to handle such non-conventional resources. Heavy extra-heavy crudes usually have higher pour points due to high content of high molecular weight components, such as waxes, asphaltenes, and resins. The structural changes for these components cause abrupt rise in oil viscosity and simultaneous deposition of wax and asphaltene on the inner walls of pipelines. This can cause clogging of pipes accompanying oil flowability reduction with extra burden on the pumping system and consequently increases its power requirement and cost. This chapter presents technological challenges in transportation, describing the different mitigation strategies that have been developed to improve the low-temperature flow properties of heavy crude oils (heating, dilution, oil-in-water emulsion, and upgrading and core annular flow).

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Section: Emulsificationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Flow of Heavy Oils at Low Temperatures: Potential Challenges and Solutions

Soliman¹

2019

Processing of Heavy Crude Oils - Challenges and Opportunities

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“…As the viscosity of an emulsion is always larger than the viscosity of the continuous phase, it is obvious that for transporting highly viscous heavy oil it is necessary to make an emulsion with water as the continuous phase [25][26][27]. To make such an aqueous emulsion one has to fight the natural tendency to form a water in oil emulsion.…”

Section: Application To Heavy Oil Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Let us just cite some of the main ones: oil composition in terms of surface active molecules [25,28], salinity and pH of the water [33,43], oil/water volume ratio [26], droplets size and polydispersity [25,26], temperature [26,29], surfactant type and concentration [26,42], mixing energy [25,26]. A large number of studies, mostly experimental in nature, have been carried out on oil-water emulsions [25,45].…”

Section: Application To Heavy Oil Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crude Oil Emulsion Properties and Their Application to Heavy Oil Transportation

Langévin

Poteau

Hénaut

et al. 2004

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

325

214

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Résumé -Propriétés des émulsions de pétrole brut et leurs applications au transport des bruts lourds -De nombreuses avancées ont été réalisées dans le domaine des émulsions ces dernières années.Le comportement des émulsions est en grande partie contrôlé par les propriétés des couches adsorbées qui protègent les surfaces entre l'huile et l'eau. La connaissance de la seule tension interfaciale n'est pas suffisante pour comprendre les propriétés des émulsions ; la rhéologie de surface joue un rôle important dans de nombreux phénomènes dynamiques. La complexité des émulsions pétrolières vient de la composition de l'huile en termes de molécules présentant un caractère tensioactif comme les acides gras de faible masse moléculaire, les acides naphténiques et les asphaltènes. Ces molécules peuvent interagir et se réorganiser aux interfaces huile/eau. Le caractère non linéaire prononcé de la rhéologie de surface obtenu avec des couches d'asphaltènes peut expliquer les différences de comportement entre les émulsions de tensioactif et les émulsions d'asphaltène. Cet article présente une revue des propriétés des émulsions pétrolières. L'application au transport d'hydrocarbures très visqueux sous forme d'émulsion aqueuse est ensuite considérée. Abstract -Crude Oil Emulsion Properties and their Application to Heavy Oil TransportationMany advances have been made in the field of emulsions in recent years. Emulsion behavior is largely controlled by the properties of the adsorbed layers that stabilize the oil-water surfaces. The knowledge of surface tension alone is not sufficient to understand emulsion properties, and surface rheology plays an important role in a variety of dynamic processes. The complexity of petroleum emulsions comes from the oil composition in terms of surface-active molecules contained in the crude

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“…As the viscosity of crude oil emulsion is always larger than the viscosity of the continuous phase, it is obvious that, for transporting highly viscous heavy oil, it is necessary to make an emulsion with water as the continuous phase [32,33]. The best way is to add a high HLB natural or synthetic surfactant.…”

Section: Emulsion Stability and Droplet Size Distribution Of The Prepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Surface‐Active Properties, and Emulsification Efficiency of Trimeric‐Type Nonionic Surfactants Derived From Tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine

Abdul-Raouf

Abdul-Raheim

Maysour

et al. 2010

J Surfact & Detergents

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Trimeric-type nonionic surfactants based on tris(2-aminoethyl)amine were prepared. N-alkyl chloride (namely, octanoyl chloride, n-decanoyl chloride, n-dodecanoyl chloride) was reacted with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine in the presence of toluene and triethylamine. The products were partially reduced and then ethoxylated by poly(ethylene glycol) of molecular weights 400, 1,000, and 2,000 g mol -1 . The structures were confirmed by infrared (IR) and 1 HNMR spectroscopy. The molecular weights of the surfactants were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The properties of the prepared compounds were investigated by the surface tension, interfacial tension, and cloud point. The emulsification power of the prepared surfactants for oil-in-water emulsions was also studied and the emulsion stability was monitored by an optical microscope and the bottle testing method. Some factors affecting the emulsion stability were investigated

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Inversion of heavy crude oil-in-brine emulsions

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Flow of Heavy Oils at Low Temperatures: Potential Challenges and Solutions

Flow of Heavy Oils at Low Temperatures: Potential Challenges and Solutions

Crude Oil Emulsion Properties and Their Application to Heavy Oil Transportation

Synthesis, Surface‐Active Properties, and Emulsification Efficiency of Trimeric‐Type Nonionic Surfactants Derived From Tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine

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