Invertase activity in sinks undergoing cell expansion

Morris, David; Arthur, E. D.

doi:10.1007/bf00027292

Cited by 61 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…By contrast, the internodes of the noncooled bulbs remained at a low, more or less constant, level (Table 11). This is in agreement with many reports indicating a relation between high invertase activities and rapid tissue growth (Morris a n d Arthur, 1984Arthur, ,1985Arai et al, 1991).…”

Section: Fructans Suc Hexoses and Lnvertase Activity In The Flowersupporting

confidence: 93%

Carbohydrate Status of Tulip Bulbs during Cold-Induced Flower Stalk Elongation and Flowering

Lambrechts¹,

Rook²,

Kollöffel³

1994

Plant Physiol.

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The effect of a cold treatment on the carbohydrate status of the scales and flower stalk of Tulipa gesneriana 1. cv Apeldoorn bulbs during growth after planting was studied and compared with bulbs not given cold treatment. Bulbs were stored dry for 12 weeks at 5'C (precooled) or 17°C (noncooled). Only the 5°C treatment led to rapid flower stalk elongation and flowering following planting at higher temperatures. Precooling enhanced mobilization of starch, fructans, and sucrose in the scales. The cold-stimulated starch breakdown was initially accompanied by increased a-amylase activity per scale. In noncooled bulbs, a-amylase activity slightly decreased or remained more or less constant. Cold-induced flower stalk elongation was partially accompanied by a decrease in the sucrose content and an increase in the glucose content and invertase activity per g dry weight. The starch content in internodes initially decreased and subsequently increased; a-amylase activity per g dry weight of the lowermost internode showed a peak pattern during starch breakdown and increased thereafter. The internodes of noncooled bulbs, on the contrary, accumulated sucrose. Their glucose content and invertase activity per g dry weight remained low. Starch breakdown was not found and a-amylase activity per g dry weight of the lowermost internode remained at a low level. Precooling of tulip bulbs thus favors reserve mobilization in the scales and flower stalk and glucose accumulation in the elongating internodes.It is well known that temperature controls the flowering process in many bulbous crops (Rees, 1972;De Hertogh and Le Nard, 1993). In the flowering process of tulips three phases have been distinguished: (a) the initiation phase, during which cell division and differentiation of the apical bud occur, resulting in the formation of a11 flower parts; (b) the preparation phase, during which the flower parts grow slowly and during which the conditions required for optimal flowering are prepared; and (c) the elongation phase, during which rapid extension growth of the shoot and flowering take place.In a temperate climate, flower initiation, flowering preparation, and shoot elongation occur in summer, winter, and spring, respectively. When bulbs are forced to flower at an earlier time, the cold winter period can be replaced by a welldefined, low-temperature treatment given to bulbs that are stored in climate rooms (dry-stored) (Rees, 1972;De Hertogh and Le Nard, 1993). Tulipa gesneriana L. cv Apeldoom bulbs require a dry-storage period of 12 weeks after planting at 5OC for optimal shoot elongation and flowering. The shoots of noncooled bulbs (dry-stored at 17OC) elongate slowly and, if anthesis is achieved, severe flowering disorders occur (Lambrechts et al., 1992).Experiments with exogenously applied GAs, GA biosynthesis inhibitors, and auxins showed that both GAs -and auxins are involved in the elongation process of the tulip flower stalk (Saniewski, 1989;Saniewski and Kawa-Miszczak, 1992). However, the sites of hormone action and the resu...

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Section: Fructans Suc Hexoses and Lnvertase Activity In The Flowersupporting

confidence: 93%

Carbohydrate Status of Tulip Bulbs during Cold-Induced Flower Stalk Elongation and Flowering

Lambrechts¹,

Rook²,

Kollöffel³

1994

Plant Physiol.

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“…The latter is involved in cell and tissue expansion in numerous studies (Morris and Arthur, 1984;Sturm and Tang, 1999;Tang et al, 1999;Kohorn et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2010;Ma et al, 2014). WD reduced expansive growth without altering the carbon status of ovaries and silks as measured on a fresh weight basis; in particular, it induced soluble sugar accumulation and starch synthesis in all reproductive organs, as did an osmotic stress due to salt (Henry et al, 2015).…”

Section: A Limitation Of Water-induced Expansive Growth Rather a Carbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These differential behaviors suggest that vacuolar invertases followed expansive growth in our experiments. High activities of vacuolar invertases are associated with rapid elongation in organs such as epicotyl of pea (Pisum sativum), roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers, or maize roots and silks (Morris and Arthur, 1984;Miller and Chourey, 1992;Wang et al, 2010), whereas decreasing the vacuolar invertase activity causes decreased organ and cell sizes (Kohorn et al, 2006).…”

Section: Vacuolar Invertase Activity As An Indicator Of Expansive Gromentioning

confidence: 99%

Is change in ovary carbon status a cause or a consequence of maize ovary abortion in water deficit during flowering?

Oury

Caldeira²,

Prodhomme³

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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Flower or grain abortion causes large yield losses under water deficit. In maize (Zea mays), it is often attributed to a carbon limitation via the disruption of sucrose cleavage by cell wall invertases in developing ovaries. We have tested this hypothesis versus another linked to the expansive growth of ovaries and silks. We have measured, in silks and ovaries of well-watered or moderately droughted plants, the transcript abundances of genes involved in either tissue expansion or sugar metabolism, together with the concentrations and amounts of sugars, and with the activities of major enzymes of carbon metabolism. Photosynthesis and indicators of sugar export, measured during water deprivation, suggested sugar export maintained by the leaf. The first molecular changes occurred in silks rather than in ovaries and involved genes affecting expansive growth rather than sugar metabolism. Changes in the concentrations and amounts of sugars and in the activities of enzymes of sugar metabolism occurred in apical ovaries that eventually aborted, but probably after the switch to abortion of these ovaries. Hence, we propose that, under moderate water deficits corresponding to most European drought scenarios, changes in carbon metabolism during flowering time are a consequence rather than a cause of the beginning of ovary abortion. A carbondriven ovary abortion may occur later in the cycle in the case of carbon shortage or under very severe water deficits. These findings support the view that, until the end of silking, expansive growth of reproductive organs is the primary event leading to abortion, rather than a disruption of carbon metabolism.

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“…In addition, Caz+ has been found to be involved in a11 three steps of the signal transduction pathway leading to gravitropic bending in higher plants, namely signaling (Bjorkman and Leopold, 1987;Shigematsu et al, 1994), transduction by auxin (deGuzman and delaFuente, 1986), and cell growth and elongation (Lee et al, 1983;Slocum and Roux, 1983;Brock et al, 1992). This last step may be mediated through the induced action of various enzymes such as invertase and p-glucanase (Gibeaut et al, 1990), which lead in turn to cell-wall loosening and extension (Morris and Arthur, 1984). Hence, it seems that, as in the case of roots (Lee et al, 1983;Bjorkman and Leopold, 1987), the process of stem gravitropic bending might also be mediated by Ca2+ as a second messenger, leading to auxin-induced differential stem elongation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the Gravitorpic Response and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Gravistimulated Snapdragon Spikes by Calcium Chelators and Ethylene Inhibitors

et al. 1996

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Invertase activity in sinks undergoing cell expansion

Cited by 61 publications

References 45 publications

Carbohydrate Status of Tulip Bulbs during Cold-Induced Flower Stalk Elongation and Flowering

Carbohydrate Status of Tulip Bulbs during Cold-Induced Flower Stalk Elongation and Flowering

Is change in ovary carbon status a cause or a consequence of maize ovary abortion in water deficit during flowering?

Regulation of the Gravitorpic Response and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Gravistimulated Snapdragon Spikes by Calcium Chelators and Ethylene Inhibitors

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