Invertebrate connective tissue. Isolation of <scp>d</scp>-arabinose from sponge acidic polysaccharide

Katzman, Richard L.; Lisowska, Elwira; Jeanloz, Roger W.

doi:10.1042/bj1190017

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When RASV is grown in culture with arabinose, LacI is synthesized, repressing transcription from P trc . Once inside the host, transcription from araC P BAD ceases, because free arabinose is not available in animal tissues (37,39) and no additional LacI is produced. The concentration of LacI will decrease by dilution as the RASV cells divide and derepress antigen gene expression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SalmonellaVaccine Vectors Displaying Delayed Antigen SynthesisInVivoTo Enhance Immunogenicity

Wang

Scarpellini

et al. 2010

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have developed a regulated delayed antigen synthesis (RDAS) system for use in recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) strains to enhance immune responses by reducing the adverse effects of high-level antigen synthesis. This system includes a chromosomal repressor gene, lacI, expressed from the arabinoseregulated araC P BAD promoter. LacI serves to regulate expression from a plasmid promoter, P trc , that directs antigen synthesis. In the presence of arabinose LacI is produced, which binds to P trc , blocking antigen synthesis. In vivo, an arabinose-poor environment, the concentration of LacI decreases with each cell division, allowing increased antigen synthesis. To optimize the system and for comparison, we altered the lacI ribosomebinding site, start codon, and/or codon content to construct RDAS strains 9095, 9959, and 9241, synthesizing from low to high levels of LacI, respectively, and non-RDAS strain 9555 as a control. We evaluated this system with two test antigens, the green fluorescent protein for initial in vitro assessment and the Streptococcus pneumoniae PspA protein for validation of our system in mice. All RASV strains expressing PspA generated high antilipopolysaccharide antibody titers, indicating that expression of lacI did not interfere with the capacity to induce an immune response. Strain 9241 induced significantly higher anti-PspA IgG and IgA antibody titers than strain 9555, which expressed PspA constitutively. Anti-PspA antibody titers were inversely correlated to the level of LacI synthesis. Strain 9241 also induced significantly greater protective efficacy against challenge with virulent S. pneumoniae. These results suggest that regulated delayed antigen synthesis is useful for improving immunogenicity of RASV strains.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SalmonellaVaccine Vectors Displaying Delayed Antigen SynthesisInVivoTo Enhance Immunogenicity

Wang

Scarpellini

et al. 2010

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sponge fibrils are extremely resistant to chemical dissolution and are not solubilized by the following enzymes: collagenases, pronase, papain, elastase, chymotrypsin, pepsin, lysozyme (Gross et al, 1956;Garrone el at., 1975). Fibrils are associated with carbohydrate-rich substances containing glucosamine, uronic acids, mannose, fucose, and arabinose in Spongia graminea (Gross et al, 1956) and Hippospongia gossyrina (Katzman et al, 1970). In the latter species, glycosaminoglycans were found associated with the fibrils, and the unusual pentose, arabinose, was present in the polysaccharide (Katzman et al, 1970).…”

Section: Collagen: Morphology Chemistry Distribution Collagen Fibrilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibrils are associated with carbohydrate-rich substances containing glucosamine, uronic acids, mannose, fucose, and arabinose in Spongia graminea (Gross et al, 1956) and Hippospongia gossyrina (Katzman et al, 1970). In the latter species, glycosaminoglycans were found associated with the fibrils, and the unusual pentose, arabinose, was present in the polysaccharide (Katzman et al, 1970). Recently, have discovered, in six demo- "Quantity of amino acids expressed as residue per 1,000 residues.…”

Section: Collagen: Morphology Chemistry Distribution Collagen Fibrilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cell Biology of Sponges

Simpson

1984

695

604

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PrefaceThe writing of this work was stimulated by discussions with colleagues in the fields of biochemistry, developmental biology, and physiology who expressed their, and other's, need for a current, critical review and analysis of sponge cell biology, and secondly by my own conviction that the field of sponge biology in general could benefit from such a synthesis and evaluation of the data. The major problem faced in writing this book was that of balancing the text relative to presenting, on the one hand, a review of the data and, on the other hand, a synthesis of it. A vigorous attempt has been made to be as uniform as possible in reviewing data but this, of course, is not always possible because some papers stand out as key advances in one or more areas. To the extent that it has been feasible to synthesize specific perspectives or to emphasize deficiencies in knowledge, these have been done. A major effort is made to review cellular structure per se since this has not previously been attempted. Some speculations are also to be found and these, hopefully, will not only stimulate new investigations but will also serve as respites from the unavoidable rigidity of data review. Much effort has been expended to avoid errors, although it is probably not possible in an undertaking of this scope to finally arrive at an error-free state. For such of those that do occur by omission or otherwise, I take full and sole responsibility.There are a number of important, recent monographs and symposial volumes which contain much information on sponge cell biology as well as other topics. Outstanding among them is Biologie des Spongiaires (C. Levi and N. Boury-Esnault, Eds., 1979. Editions de CNRS, Paris).

show abstract

“…To address these problems, work in our laboratory has led to the development of a regulated delayed attenuation system, applied first to Salmonella, in which the vaccine strains display features of the wild-type virulent pathogen at the time of immunization to enable the strain to effectively colonize lymphoid tissues and then become completely attenuated in vivo to preclude inducing disease symptoms (11). We have applied this new technology to the crp gene in Y. pestis by constructing a strain in which crp expression is dependent on the presence of arabinose, a sugar that is not present in host tissues (22,25). Arabinose is provided during in vitro growth so that the strain expresses crp, making it fully functional to interact with host tissues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Yersinia pestiswith Regulated Delayed Attenuation as a Vaccine Candidate To Induce Protective Immunity against Plague

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two mutant strains of Yersinia pestis KIM5؉, a ⌬crp mutant and a mutant with arabinose-dependent regulated delayed-shutoff crp expression (araC P BAD crp), were constructed, characterized in vitro, and evaluated for virulence, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in mice. Both strains were highly attenuated by the subcutaneous (s.c.) route. The 50% lethal doses (LD 50 s) of the ⌬crp and araC P BAD crp mutants were approximately 1,000,000-fold and 10,000-fold higher than those of Y. pestis KIM5؉, respectively, indicating that both strains were highly attenuated. Mice vaccinated s.c. with 3.8 ؋ 10 7 CFU of the ⌬crp mutant developed high anti-Y. pestis and anti-LcrV serum IgG titers, both with a strong Th2 bias, and induced protective immunity against subcutaneous challenge with virulent Y. pestis (80% survival) but no protection against pulmonary challenge. Mice vaccinated with 3.0 ؋ 10 4 CFU of the araC P BAD crp mutant also developed high anti-Y. pestis and anti-LcrV serum IgG titers but with a more balanced Th1/Th2 response. This strain induced complete protection against s.c. challenge and partial protection (70% survival) against pulmonary challenge. Our results demonstrate that arabinose-dependent regulated crp expression is an effective strategy to attenuate Y. pestis while retaining strong immunogenicity, leading to protection against the pneumonic and bubonic forms of plague.Bubonic and pneumonic plague are zoonotic diseases endemic in many parts of the world, including the United States, and have resulted in over 200 million deaths over the course of human history (51). The etiological agent of plague is Yersinia pestis. Although the number of confirmed plague cases that occur worldwide has stabilized over the last 50 years at an average of about 1,700 per year, plague remains a serious public health threat in some regions of the world and outbreaks still occur (19). In addition to the potential for natural infections, Y. pestis is generally considered to be among the top five potential biological weapons (19). Recent efforts to create a safe and effective pneumonic plague vaccine have focused on the development of recombinant subunit vaccines that elicit antibodies against two well-characterized Y. pestis antigens, the F1 capsule and the virulence protein LcrV (2,8,40,53). A plague vaccine based on live attenuated Y. pestis provides the theoretical advantage of simultaneously priming against many antigens, thereby greatly enhancing the likelihood of broadbased protection. In the past, live attenuated strains were generated by selection, rather than precise genetic manipulation, thus raising concern about their genetic composition and stability. The live EV76 vaccine is an apparent pgm mutant that has been used in some countries (49). However, a concern is that the EV76 vaccine strain can cause disease in primates, raising questions about its suitability as a human vaccine (29). Nevertheless, as recently as 2002, USAMRIID researchers noted, "Despite their drawbacks, there is ample evidence that live-a...

show abstract

Invertebrate connective tissue. Isolation of d-arabinose from sponge acidic polysaccharide

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

SalmonellaVaccine Vectors Displaying Delayed Antigen SynthesisInVivoTo Enhance Immunogenicity

SalmonellaVaccine Vectors Displaying Delayed Antigen SynthesisInVivoTo Enhance Immunogenicity

The Cell Biology of Sponges

Yersinia pestiswith Regulated Delayed Attenuation as a Vaccine Candidate To Induce Protective Immunity against Plague

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About