Inverted Organic Solar Cells with Low-Temperature Al-Doped-ZnO Electron Transport Layer Processed from Aqueous Solution

Zhang, Qianni; Peng, Ruizhi; Zhang, Zeyang; Chen, Dazheng; Lin, Zhenhua; Chang, Jingjing; Zhang, Jincheng; Hao, Yue

doi:10.3390/polym10020127

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The fabrication route using the aqueous-based Zn-ammine complex solutions is one of the most promising routes to prepare the ZnO film, owing to its advantages of low-temperature and easy-operation. However, it is difficult to directly dope the metal ion into the ZnO host from the Zn-ammine complex precursor because the ammonium hydroxide tends to precipitate metal salts due to acid–base neutralization reaction (Zhang et al, 2018). Therefore, we choose the M 2 CO 3 aqueous solutions with weak alkalinity to blend into the Zn-ammine complex aqueous solution to make the precursors for the doped ZnO:M 2 CO 3 films.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using Solution-Processed Alkali Metal Carbonate Doped ZnO as Electron Injection Layer

et al. 2019

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In this study, we demonstrate highly efficient, inverted organic light-emitting diodes (IOLEDs) using solution-processed alkali metal carbonate doped ZnO as an electron injection layer (EIL) and tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3 ) as an emitter layer. In order to enhance the electron injection efficiency of the IOLEDs, the ZnO EIL layers were modified by doping various alkali metal carbonate materials, including Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , and Cs 2 CO 3 , using the low-temperature wet-chemical method. Compared to the control neat ZnO EIL-based IOLEDs, the alkali metal carbonate doped ZnO EIL-based IOLEDs possess obviously improved device performance. An optimal current efficiency of 6.04 cd A −1 were realized from the K 2 CO 3 doped ZnO EIL based IOLED, which is 54% improved compared to that of the neat ZnO EIL based device. The enhancement is ascribed to the increased electron mobility and reduced barrier height for more efficient electron injection. Our results indicate that alkali metal carbonate doped ZnO has promising potential for application in highly efficient solution-processed OLEDs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using Solution-Processed Alkali Metal Carbonate Doped ZnO as Electron Injection Layer

et al. 2019

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“…The inverted architecture (glass/ITO/ZnO/PTNT:PC 71 BM/MoO 3 /Ag) was selected as it has a higher stability than conventional devices due to the absence of a low work function electrode. ZnO is one of the most commonly used inorganic components in organic solar cells [31,32]. It has a lower LUMO energy level than that of the acceptor, which is helpful for the extraction of electrons, and it has a lower HOMO level than that of the polymer donor, and hence blocks the holes from flowing towards the ITO cathode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Polymer Solar Cells Using Non-Halogenated Solvent Blends

2019

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More environmentally friendly polymer solar cells were constructed using a conjugated polymer, poly (2,5-thiophene-alt-4,9-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-4,9-dihydrodithieno[3,2-c:3′,2′h][1,5] naphthyridine-5,10-dione, PTNT, as a donor material in combination with PC71BM as an acceptor in a bulk heterojunction device structure. A non-halogenated processing solvent (o-xylene) and solvent additives that are less harmful to the environment such as 1-methoxynaphthalene (MN) and 1-phenylnaphthalene (PN) were used throughout the study as processing solvents. The most widely used halogenated solvent additives (1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and 1-chloronaphthalene (CN)) were also used for comparison and to understand the effect of the type of solvent additives on the photovoltaic performances. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to investigate the surface morphology of the films prepared in the presence of the various additives. The best-performing polymer solar cells provided a high open-circuit voltage of 0.9 V, an efficient fill factor of around 70%, and a highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 6% with the use of the eco-friendlier o-xylene/MN solvent systems. Interestingly, the solvent blend which is less harmful and with low environmental impact gave a 20% rise in PCE as compared to an earlier reported device efficiency that was processed from the chlorinated solvent o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB).

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“…In this work, we adopt a room temperature solution processed Al-doped ZnO (AZO) as the interlayer between the PCBM and Ag electrode to improve device performance. AZO is a wide bandgap material with beneficial properties such as low workfunciton, high electron mobility, high optical transparency, and low-cost [ 24 ]. By using the AZO interlayer, the fabricated PSC shows an improved performance with low hysteresis and enhanced device stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Electron Extraction Ability and Device Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Compatible PCBM/AZO Electron Transporting Bilayer

et al. 2018

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Due to the low temperature fabrication process and reduced hysteresis effect, inverted p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the PEDOT:PSS as the hole transporting layer and PCBM as the electron transporting layer have attracted considerable attention. However, the energy barrier at the interface between the PCBM layer and the metal electrode, which is due to an energy level mismatch, limits the electron extraction ability. In this work, an inorganic aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) interlayer is inserted between the PCBM layer and the metal electrode so that electrons can be collected efficiently by the electrode. It is shown that with the help of the PCBM/AZO bilayer, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs is significantly improved, with negligible hysteresis and improved device stability. The UPS measurement shows that the AZO interlayer can effectively decrease the energy offset between PCBM and the metal electrode. The steady state photoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence, transient photocurrent, and transient photovoltage measurements show that the PSCs with the AZO interlayer have a longer radiative carrier recombination lifetime and more efficient charge extraction efficiency. Moreover, the introduction of the AZO interlayer could protect the underlying perovskite, and thus, greatly improve device stability.

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Inverted Organic Solar Cells with Low-Temperature Al-Doped-ZnO Electron Transport Layer Processed from Aqueous Solution

Cited by 24 publications

References 48 publications

Efficient Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using Solution-Processed Alkali Metal Carbonate Doped ZnO as Electron Injection Layer

Efficient Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using Solution-Processed Alkali Metal Carbonate Doped ZnO as Electron Injection Layer

Optimizing Polymer Solar Cells Using Non-Halogenated Solvent Blends

Improving Electron Extraction Ability and Device Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Compatible PCBM/AZO Electron Transporting Bilayer

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