Inverted vascular bundles in the leaf of Cladium (Cyperaceae)

Fisher, Jack B.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1971.tb02148.x

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The inversion seems to occur around the base of cladodes (see Supplemental Figure 9 online) because inversion of vascular bundles was not observed in the stem. Inverted vascular bundles were observed also in the leaves of Cladium, which is a member of Poales (Fisher, 1971), suggesting that, at least in monocots, the regulation of abaxial/ adaxial polarity in vasculature is not tightly linked to that of the organ as a whole.…”

Section: A Asparagoides Cladodes Are Modified Axillary Shootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and Diversification of Cladodes: Leaf-Like Organs in the Genus Asparagus

2012

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The genus Asparagus is unusual in producing axillary, determinate organs called cladodes, which may take on either a flattened or cylindrical form. Here, we investigated the evolution of cladodes to elucidate the mechanisms at play in the diversification of shoot morphology. Our observations of Asparagus asparagoides, which has leaf-like cladodes, showed that its cladodes are anatomically and developmentally similar to leaves but differ in the adaxial/abaxial polarity of the vasculature. In addition to the expression of an ortholog of KNAT1, orthologous genes that are normally expressed in leaves, ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 and HD-ZIPIII, were found to be expressed in cladode primordia in a leaf-like manner. The cylindrical cladodes of Asparagus officinalis showed largely similar expression patterns but showed evidence of being genetically abaxialized. These results provide evidence that cladodes are modified axillary shoots, suggest that the cooption of preexisting gene networks involved in leaf development transferred the leaf-like form to axillary shoots, and imply that altered expression of leaf polarity genes led to the evolution of cylindrical cladodes in the A. officinalis clade.

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Section: A Asparagoides Cladodes Are Modified Axillary Shootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and Diversification of Cladodes: Leaf-Like Organs in the Genus Asparagus

2012

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“…In species of Iris (Arber 1925apud Fischer, 1971) and in Cladium (Fisher 1971), the inverted bundles arise from the dorsiventral separation of a single procambial complex. This is because the smaller, inverted bundle is not separated from the larger, normal bundle, and they have the protoxylem pole in common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the literature there is nothing about the origin and development of the wing and the inverted bundles in Scleria species. Inverted vascular bundles in leaves have been observed in other families of monocotyledons, such as Liliaceae (Arber 1925apud Fisher 1971, Thurniaceae (Cutler 1963), Xyridaceae (Tomlinson 1969, and Iridaceae (Rudall and Goldblatt 1991), as well as in species of Cladium in Cyperaceae (Fisher 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Origin of inverted vascular bundles in winged leaves of Scleria plusiophylla (Cyperaceae)

Hoss

Trevisan

Rodrigues

2015

Botany

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The genus Scleria is pantropical, occurs in various habitats such as forests, fields and wetlands, and is morphologically diverse. Some species have a winged sheath, which remains on the leaf blade and forms the last pair of costae. Anatomical observations of leaf blades of S. plusiophylla revealed the presence of inverted vascular bundles in the region of the wing. During the development of the shoot apical meristem of S. plusiophylla, it was observed that the wing emerges through divisions and enlargement of protoderm cells of the abaxial surface and subsurface cells (ground meristem) of the sheath. The ground meristem, from both sides of the sheath, gives rise the procambial strands which have normal differentiation. Subsequently, in the transition region between the sheath and the leaf blade, the growth of the sheath ends and the development of the leaf blade continues with the wings remaining adnate to the blade and initially folded towards the dorsal surface. As the leaf blade develops, the wings gradually unfold. Bulliform cells on the abaxial surface of the epidermis, which marked the beginning of the wing, and inverted vascular bundles intercalated with normal vascular bundles, are also observed. It was concluded that all of the bundles in the wing of the leaf blade, have normal development and follow the orientation of development related to the side of the sheath from which they were initially derived resulting in vascular bundles with different phloem positions.

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“…Guo, Brigham Young University, unpublished data), in the epiphyllous appendages of Begonia (Lieu and Sattler 1976), and in the leaves of Cladium (Cyperaceae; Fisher 1971) are relatively late in development compared with the initiation of the main veins in these taxa. Studies have shown that in Begonia and Cladium the procambial cells of the inverted bundles are initiated near the protoxylem of the main veins (Fisher 1971;Lieu and Sattler 1976). Fisher (1971) has suggested that the initiation of the inverted bundles is influenced by adjacent differentiated vascular bundles in that they tend to have their xylem poles facing one another.…”

Section: International Journal Of Plant Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that in Begonia and Cladium the procambial cells of the inverted bundles are initiated near the protoxylem of the main veins (Fisher 1971;Lieu and Sattler 1976). Fisher (1971) has suggested that the initiation of the inverted bundles is influenced by adjacent differentiated vascular bundles in that they tend to have their xylem poles facing one another.…”

Section: International Journal Of Plant Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Micromorphology and Anatomy of Crested Sepals inIris(Iridaceae)

Guo

2015

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Plant Sciences.Editor: Alan W. Meerow Premise of research. The Iris flower is considered to be a pseudoinflorescence by having three pollination units, each acting as a labiate flower. The sepal provides the entrance, "floor," and "walls" of the pollination tunnel and is sometimes adaxially elaborated with various structures, such as ridges, crests, and protuberances. Crested sepals have a prominent median crest that lies along the proximal-distal axis of the pollination tunnel and sometimes also have various lateral structures on the entrance, floor, or walls of the pollination tunnel, suggesting that they may play a role in pollination. Crested sepals are morphologically diverse and have evolved at least five times in Iris. Understanding their micromorphology and anatomy will shed light on the diversification of perianth and provide insights into flower-pollinator interaction.Methodology. Micromorphologies of the adaxial epidermis and anatomical characteristics of selected crested sepals representing different patterns of structural elaborations as well as ridged and nonelaborated sepals were studied using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy.Pivotal results. Compared with nonelaborated sepals, the occurrence of the median and sometimes lateral structures on crested sepals changes not only the architecture of the pollination tunnel and its entrance but also the epidermal topology within the pollination tunnel by creating new epidermal zones. Compared with ridged sepals, crested sepals have a more sophisticated median structure that is usually more prominent and elaborated at the pollinator entrance and/or the distal half of the pollination tunnel. Vascular tissues and trichomes are also present in or on some of the median and lateral structures.Conclusions. The micromorphologies and anatomical features of crested sepals are diverse even though convergences in terms of epidermal topology and the occurrence of vascular tissues in elaborate structures also occur among independently evolved crested lineages in Iris. Structural elaborations may provide optical and tactile cues or stimuli to pollinators.

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Inverted vascular bundles in the leaf of Cladium (Cyperaceae)

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Acquisition and Diversification of Cladodes: Leaf-Like Organs in the Genus Asparagus

Acquisition and Diversification of Cladodes: Leaf-Like Organs in the Genus Asparagus

Origin of inverted vascular bundles in winged leaves of Scleria plusiophylla (Cyperaceae)

Comparative Micromorphology and Anatomy of Crested Sepals inIris(Iridaceae)

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