Investigating British Columbia wild mushrooms for growth-inhibitory activity

Smith, Aaron

doi:10.24124/2017/54754

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Choi et al (2007) demonstrated that the F. pinicola methanol extract had strong antitumor activity. Interestingly, 5% NaOH extract of F. pinicola had no significant inhibitory effect on HeLa cells (Smith, 2017), which is consistent with the results obtained in our study.…”

Section: Fomitopsis Pinicolasupporting

confidence: 93%

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Purification and characterization of growth-inhibitory compounds from 2 genera of British Columbia wild mushrooms: fomitopsis and phaeolus

Da¹

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Modern science is currently working to characterize the beneficial compounds from mushrooms and their potential as pharmaceutical drugs. In this thesis, eight British Columbian wild mushroom collections (3 species), comprising Fomitopsis pinicola, Phaeolus schweinitzii and Phaeolus sp., were screened for growth-inhibitory potential. Out of 28 crude extracts, 15 exhibited strong growth-inhibitory activity. For the Phaeolus sp. collection, liquid-liquid extraction, sizeexclusion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (HPLCMS) were used to purify the growth-inhibitory compound of interest. NMR analyses confirmed its identity as hispidin, a known potent anti-cancer compound. Another compound with a mass to charge ratio of 283.2 in hexane extract of Phaeolus sp. was detected by HPLC-MS. This study provides the foundational work for further isolation of small molecule(s) from the three mushroom species and shed light on the profile of Phaeolus sp. as a source of growth-inhibitory compounds.

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Section: Fomitopsis Pinicolasupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Extract E4 of F. pinicola had no significant inhibitory effect on HeLa cells which is in agreement with the existing literature (Smith, 2017). Extracts E1 and E3 from P. schweinitzii showed strong growth-inhibitory on HeLa cells, while other two extracts did not exhibit potent inhibitory activity.…”

Section: Phaeolus Sp (#71)supporting

confidence: 91%

Purification and characterization of growth-inhibitory compounds from 2 genera of British Columbia wild mushrooms: fomitopsis and phaeolus

Da¹

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“…Out of 29 species of mushrooms examined from north-central British Columbia (BC) (Smith et al, 2017) and Haida Gwaii, BC (Deo et al, 2019), 20 exhibited immuno-stimulatory activity.…”

Section: Immuno-stimulatory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The powdered E. tinctorium was sequentially extracted using the following solvents: 80 % ethanol, 50 % methanol, water and 5 % sodium hydroxide. We found that only the 50 % methanol extracts exhibited anti-proliferative activity against HeLa human cervical cancer cells (Smith, 2017). Therefore, I aimed to purify, identify and characterize the anti-proliferative compound(s) from E. tinctorium.…”

Section: Extraction and Assessment Of Methanolic Extract From E Tinct...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive polysaccharides and small molecules from the native North American fungus Echinodontium tinctorium

Zeb¹

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Mushrooms, the fruiting bodies of fungi, are known to be powerful sources of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals but there are limited studies focusing on exploring the medicinal value of mushrooms native to North America. Here, I describe the isolation of two novel bioactive polysaccharides from the aqueous extracts of the fungus Echinodontium tinctorium: an immunostimulatory complex polysaccharide (EtISPFa) of 1354 kDa, and a growth-inhibitory β-glucan of 275 kDa. In addition, six small molecules including a phenol derivative, a new diphenylmethane derivative and three lanostane-type triterpenes were isolated from the organic extracts of E. tinctorium. The molar mass of these isolated small molecules (labelled 1-6) was determined to be 124, 260, 506, 498, 496, and 440 g/mol respectively.Phase separation, Sephadex LH-20 size exclusion, Sephadex DEAE ion exchange chromatography, Sephacryl S-500 HR size exclusion, silica column chromatography, and HPLC were used for bioactivity-guided purification. Chemical structures and linkages of EtISPFa and EtGIPL1a polysaccharides were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Final structures of small molecules were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), NMR, and X-ray crystallography.Immuno-stimulatory activity of EtISPFa was assessed by immunoassay in Raw 264.7 murine macrophage cells and growth-inhibitory activity of EtGIPL1a and small molecules were assessed by MTT growth-inhibitory assay in cancer cell lines. The mechanism of growth inhibition was assessed via apoptosis and cell cycle assays. EtISPFa stimulated the immune response by inducing TNF-α and other inflammatory cytokines in murine macrophage cells. In contrast, EtGIPL1a showed promising anti-proliferative activity against U251 glioblastoma cells and on iii ten other cancer cell lines. EtGIPL1a induced apoptosis in U251 cells with an increased cleaved caspase-3 apoptotic marker and significant DNA fragmentation in cell cycle analysis. Amongst the small molecules, compounds (2), (4) and (5) caused growth-inhibition in U251 cells; compound (4) also showed promising effects on multiple other cancer cell lines; all its bioactivities are reported here for the first time. The crystal structures of compounds (2), (4) and(5) have also been reported for the first time. Molecular targets of (1), ( 2), (4) and (5) by MolTarPred were predicted and warrants further experimental investigation. iv PREFACE This current PhD dissertation has yielded two manuscripts where Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 have been published as:

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Investigating British Columbia wild mushrooms for growth-inhibitory activity

Cited by 2 publications

References 61 publications

Purification and characterization of growth-inhibitory compounds from 2 genera of British Columbia wild mushrooms: fomitopsis and phaeolus

Purification and characterization of growth-inhibitory compounds from 2 genera of British Columbia wild mushrooms: fomitopsis and phaeolus

Bioactive polysaccharides and small molecules from the native North American fungus Echinodontium tinctorium

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