Investigating Carbon Monoxide Exposure on Denali

Roscoe, Clay; Baker, Ed; Gustafson, Caitlin; Arndt, Todd; Dow, Jamie; Johnston, Emily; Brillhart, Aaron

doi:10.1580/pr03-05.1

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, a climber on an expedition could also be exposed to issues such as carbon monoxide poisoning, and the spread of illnesses such as gastroenteritis, as well as the environmental issues mentioned above. [33][34][35]…”

Section: Environmental Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparticipation Evaluation for Climbing Sports

Campbell

Davis

Paterson

et al. 2015

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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Climbing is a popular wilderness sport among a wide variety of professional athletes and amateur enthusiasts, and many styles are performed across many environments. Potential risks confront climbers, including personal health or exacerbation of a chronic condition, in addition to climbing-specific risks or injuries. Although it is not common to perform a preparticipation evaluation (PPE) for climbing, a climber or a guide agency may request such an evaluation before participation. Formats from traditional sports PPEs can be drawn upon, but often do not directly apply. The purpose of this article was to incorporate findings from expert opinion from professional societies in wilderness medicine and in sports medicine, with findings from the literature of both climbing epidemiology and traditional sports PPEs, into a general PPE that would be sufficient for the broad sport of climbing. The emphasis is on low altitude climbing, and an overview of different climbing styles is included. Knowledge of climbing morbidity and mortality, and a standardized approach to the PPE that involves adequate history taking and counseling have the potential for achieving risk reduction and will facilitate further study on the evaluation of the efficacy of PPEs.

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Section: Environmental Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparticipation Evaluation for Climbing Sports

Campbell

Davis

Paterson

et al. 2015

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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“…Using SPSS (Version 14, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL), the same analytic strategy was employed as was detailed in our previous study. 3 With the exception of medication use, the same variables were used in both studies. The data from 2004 and 2005 were combined in order to test the study hypotheses and to increase the power of the statistical tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Our research team investigated CO exposure and the potential relationship between CO toxicity and AMS in 146 climbers during the 2004 Denali climbing season and found no clear correlation between CO exposure and AMS. 3 However, 4 findings related to CO exposure were described by the 2004 research: 1) increased overall carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels were observed in descending climbers; 2) there was increased risk of CO exposure (COHb levels of >3% in nonsmokers or of >10% in smokers) while descending; 3) there was a relationship between positive criteria for AMS and increased stove use; and 4) there was a relationship between medication use and elevated COHb levels. 3 Additional data were gathered the following season in 2005, with an additional 171 climbers participating in the same study protocol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Monoxide Exposure on Denali: Comparing the 2004 and 2005 Climbing Seasons

Roscoe

Baker

Johnston

et al. 2008

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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“…Over 6 sampling events in a 10 g bird (10 g x 0.01 = 100 μL blood volume limit), over half of the sample (60 μL) is likely to be unavailable for analysis. CO-Oximeters used for laboratory or point-of-care analysis to determine the concentration of different haemoglobin species typically require minimum sample volumes ranging from 50 μL [24] to 300 μL [25]. While blood samples as small as 45 μL have been lysed, centrifuged and added to a phosphate buffer to permit MetHb analysis in the laboratory [26], several factors suggest that rapid analysis of avian blood at the point of collection should be preferred.…”

Section: The Blood Sampling Problem In Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring methaemoglobinaemia in birds using 5 μL of whole blood

Marks

Trought²,

Brown³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Methaemoglobin (MetHb) forming compounds such as para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) have recently been adopted for the lethal control of a range of invasive carnivores and mustelids. Determining the relative hazard of these compounds to non-target bird species is an important component of ecological risks evaluation. Problematically, some potential non-target bird species may be as small as 10 g in body mass, thus placing limitations on blood volumes that can be routinely sampled. Accordingly, we developed methods to quantify markers of increasing methaemoglobinaemia at their point of collection that required only 5 μL of whole blood. A 3 μL blood aliquot is pipetted into a plastic micro-cuvette and placed in a custom made holder optically coupled to the Ocean Optics spectrometer, enabling absorbance for oxyhaemoglobin (HbO: 575 nm) and MetHb (630 nm) to be determined. Haemoglobin (HbFe2+), packed cell volume (PCV) and lactate (LAC) data were generated from the remaining 2 μL aliquot apportioned to biosensor strips for the Cera-Check® and Lactate Scout® point-of-care devices. After oral doses of PAPP, a methaemoglobinaemia absorbance index (MAI = absorbance 575 nm–absorbance 630 nm) was strongly and significantly associated with dose-dependent declines in HbFe2+ in 9 bird species. Quantifying dose-dependent responses to MetHb-forming agents at the point of sample collection avoids analytical and storage artifacts arising from sample degradation that appears to be a much greater problem in avian blood compared to mammalian blood.

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Investigating Carbon Monoxide Exposure on Denali

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Preparticipation Evaluation for Climbing Sports

Preparticipation Evaluation for Climbing Sports

Carbon Monoxide Exposure on Denali: Comparing the 2004 and 2005 Climbing Seasons

Monitoring methaemoglobinaemia in birds using 5 μL of whole blood

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