Investigating COVID-19 transmission and mortality differences between indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Mexico

Dahal, Sushma; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Luo, Ruiyan; Sattenspiel, Lisa; Self-Brown, Shannon; Chowell, Gerardo

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.052

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…After excluding studies which contained duplicate patient data, 77 studies comprising over 200,000,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included. 4 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants

Irizar¹,

Pan²,

Kapadia³

et al. 2023

eClinicalMedicine

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants

Irizar¹,

Pan²,

Kapadia³

et al. 2023

eClinicalMedicine

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“…Additional studies have revealed that Indigenous people receiving outpatient management experienced a higher fatality rate than non-Indigenous outpatients [ 14 , 18 , 20 ]. These communities also face delays in seeking care and have lower survival probabilities [ 21 ]. National statistics reveal that Indigenous individuals experienced an almost twofold higher mortality rate compared to non-Indigenous counterparts between 2020 and 2022 [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other reports have shown that Indigenous communities experienced barriers in accessing vaccines and that vaccine hesitancy was present in these communities [ 28 , 29 ]. Vaccine uptake among Indigenous populations was influenced by various factors, including limited access to accurate and culturally relevant information, mistrust in government services, concerns over vaccine safety, and past experiences of racism and abuse in healthcare settings; the socio-economic challenges of living in rural or remote areas with limited access to vaccination sites further hindered their ability to adopt preventive measures [ 8 , 21 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine uptake and barriers among Indigenous language speakers in Mexico: Results from a nationally representative survey

Abascal Miguel,

Mendez-Lizarraga,

Rojo

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Mexico faced a significant burden from the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the pandemic’s onset in 2020, numerous studies have underscored the substantial risk of COVID-19 death among Indigenous individuals. This study aims to assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Indigenous language speakers in Mexico, focusing on understanding the barriers they face in obtaining access to vaccines. We used Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua (ENSANUT) 2022, a nationally representative health survey in Mexico to analyze data on self-reported COVID-19 vaccine status, reasons for not getting vaccinated, and other relevant covariates. We employed logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for vaccine uptake and uptake barriers, all models were adjusted for potential confounders. Among 34,051 participants, 1793 individuals (5.23%) reported speaking an Indigenous language. Indigenous language speakers were found to have a lower vaccination rate (63%) compared to non-Indigenous language speakers (81%) (p <0.005). They were also 59% less likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27–0.62), even when adjusted for confounders. Among unvaccinated individuals, Indigenous language speakers were more likely to cite negative beliefs about the vaccine or fear as reasons for not being vaccinated (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.11–3.00) while being less likely to report access barriers (OR 0.62, CI 95% 0.42–0.91). This study highlights disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Indigenous language speakers in Mexico. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted, culturally appropriate public health interventions and the consideration of social and ethnic vulnerability in prioritizing vaccinations.

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“…First, it studies the role of the sparing of the elderly in the overall excess mortality by studying individual-level mortality data by age and time in two relatively remote inland areas of Northern Norway between 1918 and 1920. Second, it contributes to the literature on why remotely living Indigenous peoples in the Arctic and elsewhere were so severely impacted by the 1918–20 influenza pandemic, but also why some but not all Indigenous peoples were hard hit by later pandemics such as the influenza pandemic of 2009–10 and the COVID-19 pandemic [ 2 , 5–11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-specific mortality and the role of living remotely: The 1918-20 influenza pandemic in Kautokeino and Karasjok, Norway

Nygaard

Dahal

Chowell

et al. 2023

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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The 1918–20 pandemic influenza killed 50–100 million people worldwide, but mortality varied by ethnicity and geography. In Norway, areas dominated by Sámi experienced 3–5 times higher mortality than the country’s average. We here use data from burial registers and censuses to calculate all-cause excess mortality by age and wave in two remote Sámi areas of Norway 1918–20. We hypothesise that geographic isolation, less prior exposure to seasonal influenza, and thus less immunity led to higher Indigenous mortality and a different age distribution of mortality (higher mortality for all) than was typical for this pandemic in non-isolated majority populations (higher young adult mortality & sparing of the elderly). Our results show that in the fall of 1918 (Karasjok), winter of 1919 (Kautokeino), and winter of 1920 (Karasjok), young adults had the highest excess mortality, followed by also high excess mortality among the elderly and children. Children did not exhibit excess mortality in the second wave in Karasjok in 1920. It was not the young adults alone who produced the excess mortality in Kautokeino and Karasjok. We conclude that geographic isolation caused higher mortality among the elderly in the first and second waves, and among children in the first wave.

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Investigating COVID-19 transmission and mortality differences between indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Mexico

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants

Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants

COVID-19 vaccine uptake and barriers among Indigenous language speakers in Mexico: Results from a nationally representative survey

Age-specific mortality and the role of living remotely: The 1918-20 influenza pandemic in Kautokeino and Karasjok, Norway

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