Investigating Gaze of Children with ASD in Naturalistic Settings

Noris, Basilio; Nadel, Jacqueline; Barker, Mandy; Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Billard, Aude

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044144

Cited by 112 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, only a small number of studies to date have used eye-tracking to assess patterns of visual attention during naturalistic face-toface interactions in relation to autism or autistic traits. The findings of these studies are as follows: young children with ASD spent less time fixating a social partner's face compared to their typically developing peers during a live interaction (Hanley et al, 2014;Noris et al, 2012). No reduction in time spent looking at a social partner's face during a live interaction was found in pre-adolescents with high-functioning autism (Nadig et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Brief Report: Patterns of Eye Movements in Face to Face Conversation are Associated with Autistic Traits: Evidence from a Student Sample

Vabalas

Freeth

2015

J Autism Dev Disord

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The current study investigated whether the amount of autistic traits shown by an individual is associated with viewing behaviour during a face-to-face interaction. The eye movements of 36 neurotypical university students were recorded using a mobile eye-tracking device. High amounts of autistic traits were neither associated with reduced looking to the social partner overall, nor with reduced looking to the face. However, individuals who were high in autistic traits exhibited reduced visual exploration during the face-to-face interaction overall, as demonstrated by shorter and less frequent saccades. Visual exploration was not related to social anxiety. This study suggests that there are systematic individual differences in visual exploration during social interactions and these are related to amount of autistic traits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Brief Report: Patterns of Eye Movements in Face to Face Conversation are Associated with Autistic Traits: Evidence from a Student Sample

Vabalas

Freeth

2015

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…This device records the eyes of the participant and the image of the field of view in front of the participant simultaneously [122]. Based on the recorded data, the direction of gaze and focus of attention can be computed.…”

Section: Eye Gaze Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology-Facilitated Diagnosis and Treatment of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Engineering Perspective

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:The rapid development of computer and robotic technologies in the last decade is giving hope to perform earlier and more accurate diagnoses of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and more effective, consistent, and cost-conscious treatment. Besides the reduced cost, the main benefit of using technology to facilitate treatment is that stimuli produced during each session of the treatment can be controlled, which not only guarantees consistency across different sessions, but also makes it possible to focus on a single phenomenon, which is difficult even for a trained professional to perform, and deliver the stimuli according to the treatment plan. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of research on recent technology-facilitated diagnosis and treat of children and adults with ASD. Different from existing reviews on this topic, which predominantly concern clinical issues, we focus on the engineering perspective of autism studies. All technology facilitated systems used for autism studies can be modeled as human machine interactive systems where one or more participants would constitute as the human component, and a computer-based or a robotic-based system would be the machine component. Based on this model, we organize our review with the following questions: (1) What are presented to the participants in the studies and how are the content and delivery methods enabled by technologies? (2) How are the reactions/inputs collected from the participants in response to the stimuli in the studies? (3) Are the experimental procedure and programs presented to participants dynamically adjustable based on the responses from the participants, and if so, how? and (4) How are the programs assessed?

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“…Children with autism showed a preference for geometric patterns of movement rather than for social movement [33]. They will also look less to eyes and face areas and more to body and objects when watching scenes from a movie [34] and, when engaged in semi-naturalistic interaction with a familiar adult, they look significantly less to the face [35].…”

Section: Gaze Abnormalities In Autism: Eye Tracking Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism, social cognition and superior temporal sulcus

Zilbovicius¹,

Saitovitch²,

Popa³

et al. 2013

OJPsych

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Results on brain imaging studies have led to a better understanding of the neural circuits involved in social cognition and its implication in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It has been shown that the superior temporal sulcus (STS) is highly implicated in social processes, from perception of socially relevant information, such as body movements or eye gaze, to more complex social cognition processes. Furthermore, several multimodal brain imaging results point to anatomo-functional abnormalities in the STS in both children and adults with ASD. These results are highly consistent with social impairments in ASD, among which eye gaze perception is particularly relevant. Gaze abnormalities can now be objectively measured using eye-tracking methodology, leading to a better characterization of social perception impairments in autism. Moreover, these gaze abnormalities have been associated with STS abnormalities in ASD. Based on these results, our hypothesis is that anatomo-functional anomalies in the STS occurring early across brain development could constitute the first step in the cascade of neural dysfunction underlying autism. In the present work, we'll review recent data of STS contribution to normal social cognition and it's implication in autism.

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Investigating Gaze of Children with ASD in Naturalistic Settings

Cited by 112 publications

References 54 publications

Brief Report: Patterns of Eye Movements in Face to Face Conversation are Associated with Autistic Traits: Evidence from a Student Sample

Brief Report: Patterns of Eye Movements in Face to Face Conversation are Associated with Autistic Traits: Evidence from a Student Sample

Technology-Facilitated Diagnosis and Treatment of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Engineering Perspective

Autism, social cognition and superior temporal sulcus

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