Investigating Immunization With Nucleotide Enzymes of Schistosoma mansoni: Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase and Adenylosuccinate Lyase as New Antigenic Targets Against Schistosomiasis

Abstract

Immunization With Schistosoma mansoni Proteins groups there were reductions in egg counts in the liver and intestine, such as reductions in liver granulomas. Thus, we suggest that immunizations with these enzymes could contribute to the reduction of schistosomiasis transmission, besides being important in immunopathogenesis control of the disease.

HGPRT and PNP: Recombinant Enzymes from Schistosoma mansoni and Their Role in Immunotherapy during Experimental Murine Schistosomiasis

“…The images of histological sections showed that the fibrosis process is more accentuated in animals that were treated with the HGPRT enzyme, as the eggs were more likely to be destroyed and the fibrous process was also accentuated, showing that HGPRT can positively interfere in the physiopathology process of schistosomiasis that severely affects the liver. The same response profile was observed in the study that tested the enzymes NDPK, ADSL and MIX in mice as immunizing agents, showing that the purine salvage pathway enzymes of S. mansoni interfere with the reduction of liver fibrosis [17].…”

“…The value obtained in the present study on the reduction of the parasite load (30.06% in the Sm + HGPRT group in Swiss mice) is superior to the value obtained for the decrease from 16.21% to 25% in the values of the parasite load after a recombinant insoluble protein that is expressed in the gastrodermis and integument of adult S. mansoni worms as a kind of vaccination [27]. In studies with the NDPK and HGPRT enzymes from the S. mansoni rescue route used in immunization in mice infected with S. mansoni, it was showed a slight reduction in the number of worms [16,17]. The decrease in the burden of worms after teraphy with HGPRT therapy is remarkably similar to the levels attained in additional tests using others enzymes in the immunization of mice, where worm recovery was between the 45th and the 50th day following infection.…”

“…According to the results, immunization with three doses of 100 µg in 200 µL of HGPRT led to a 27% reduction in the number of eggs in feces [26]. Another study showed that immunization with 100 µg in 200 µL of enzymes from the ADK and ADSL purine rescue pathway also reduced the number of eggs per gram of feces in infected mice [17]. A recent study showed that immunization with recombinant AK and HGPRT decreased eggs/gram of feces of infected BALB/c mice [16].…”

“…Each dose contained 100 µg of each enzyme that have been emulsified with 100 µg of aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH) 3 , diluted in PBS 1X (Phosphate Buffered Saline: 8 g NaCl, 0.2 g KCl, 1.15 g Na 2 HPO 4 , 0.2 g KH 2 PO 4 in 1 L of ultra-pure water), totaling 100 µL/animal intraperitoneal route. The dose was established by the standardization carried out by the research group [16,17] The experimental groups were divided (Table 1). • Mice infected with S. mansoni cercariae.…”