Investigating Inflammatory Markers in Wound Healing: Understanding Implications and Identifying Artifacts

Mahmoud, Nouf N.; Hamad, Khawla; Al Shibitini, Aya; Juma, Sarah; Sharifi, Shahriar; Gould, Lisa; Mahmoudi, Morteza

doi:10.1021/acsptsci.3c00336

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(182 reference statements)

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“…Proper regulation and timely resolution of this early inflammation are critical for effective wound healing. As the healing process advances, anti-inflammatory proteins like IL-10 and IL-4 become important in facilitating the transition to later stages where pro-inflammatory cytokines support angiogenesis and tissue remodeling . Restoring the balance of cytokines, growth factors, and proteases is essential to attract functional cells (such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells) to the wound site.…”

Section: Chronic Woundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical and Clinical Studies on the Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds

Rezaei,

Nilforoushzadeh,

Amirkhani

et al. 2024

Mol. Pharmaceutics

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To date, the widespread implementation of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic wounds, including debridement, infection control, and the use of grafts and various dressings, has been time-consuming and accompanied by many challenges, with definite success not yet achieved. Extensive studies on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have led to suggestions for their use in treating various diseases. Given the existing barriers to utilizing such cells and numerous pieces of evidence indicating the crucial role of the paracrine signaling system in treatments involving MSCs, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from these cells have garnered significant attention in treating chronic wounds in recent years. This review begins with a general overview of current methods for chronic wound treatment, followed by an exploration of EV structure, biogenesis, extraction methods, and characterization. Subsequently, utilizing databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, we have explored the latest findings regarding the role of EVs in the healing of chronic wounds, particularly diabetic and burn wounds. In this context, the role and mode of action of these nanoparticles in healing chronic wounds through mechanisms such as oxygen level elevation, oxidative stress damage reduction, angiogenesis promotion, macrophage polarization assistance, etc., as well as the use of EVs as carriers for engineered nucleic acids, have been investigated. The upcoming challenges in translating EV-based treatments for healing chronic wounds, along with possible approaches to address these challenges, are discussed. Additionally, clinical trial studies in this field are also covered.

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Section: Chronic Woundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical and Clinical Studies on the Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds

Rezaei,

Nilforoushzadeh,

Amirkhani

et al. 2024

Mol. Pharmaceutics

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“…IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α play a crucial role in wound healing. IL-1β and TNF-α can be found in the homeostasis, inflammatory, and proliferation phases, whereas IL-6 is related to the early inflammatory phase [62]. Previous research has reported the anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids.…”

Section: Molecular Dockingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Wound Healing Potential of a Cuscuta chinensis Extract-Loaded Nanoemulsion-Based Gel

Nitthikan,

Preedalikit,

Supadej

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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Cuscuta chinensis (C. chinensis) presents many pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic effects, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. However, the wound care properties of this plant have not yet been reported. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities of ethanol and ethyl acetate C. chinensis extracts. The phytochemical markers in the extracts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, the selected C. chinensis extract was developed into a nanoemulsion-based gel for wound care testing in rats. The results showed that both of the C. chinensis extracts exhibited antioxidant activity when tested using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. They reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The ethyl acetate extract also had antibacterial properties. Kaempferol was found in both extracts, whereas hyperoside was found only in the ethanol extract. These compounds were found to be related to the biological activities of the extracts, confirmed via molecular docking. The C. chinensis extract-loaded nanoemulsions had a small particle size, a narrow polydispersity index (PDI), and good stability. Furthermore, the C. chinensis extract-loaded nanoemulsion-based gel had a positive effect on wound healing, presenting a better percentage wound contraction Fucidin cream. In conclusion, this formulation has the potential for use as an alternative wound treatment and warrants further study in clinical trials.

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Polymer‐ and Lipid‐Based Nanostructures Serving Wound Healing Applications: A Review

Cetin,

Mignon,

Van Vlierberghe

et al. 2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Management of hard‐to‐heal wounds often requires specialized care that surpasses the capabilities of conventional treatments. Even the most advanced commercial products lack the functionality to meet the needs of hard‐to‐heal wounds, especially those complicated by active infection, extreme bleeding, and chronic inflammation. The review explores how supramolecular nanovesicles and nanoparticles—such as dendrimers, micelles, polymersomes, and lipid‐based nanocarriers—can be key to introducing advanced wound healing and monitoring properties to address the complex needs of hard‐to‐heal wounds. Their potential to enable advanced functions essential for next‐generation wound healing products—such as hemostatic functions, transdermal penetration, macrophage polarization, targeted delivery, and controlled release of active pharmaceutical ingredients (antibiotics, gaseous products, anti‐inflammatory drugs, growth factors)—is discussed via an extensive overview of the recent reports. These studies highlight that the integration of supramolecular systems in wound care is crucial for advancing toward a new generation of wound healing products and addressing significant gaps in current wound management practices. Current strategies and potential improvements regarding personalized therapies, transdermal delivery, and the promising critically evaluated but underexplored polymer‐based nanovesicles, including polymersomes and proteinosomes, for wound healing.

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Investigating Inflammatory Markers in Wound Healing: Understanding Implications and Identifying Artifacts

Cited by 28 publications

References 83 publications

Preclinical and Clinical Studies on the Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds

Preclinical and Clinical Studies on the Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds

Exploring the Wound Healing Potential of a Cuscuta chinensis Extract-Loaded Nanoemulsion-Based Gel

Polymer‐ and Lipid‐Based Nanostructures Serving Wound Healing Applications: A Review

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