Investigating Interactions of Pathogenetic Factors in the Development of Arterial Hypertension and Obesity

Abstract

This review is devoted to investigating the clinical, pathogenetic, and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of arterial hypertension and obesity, as well as their mutual impact on the progression of comorbidity. The literature review uncovers the mechanisms contributing to the emergence of various forms of cardioremodelling, taking into account the role of gender-specific factors. The article also presents current theoretical results and findings of clinical studies regarding how pathogenetic factors of arterial hypertension and obesity interact and influence on the progression of both diseases in case of their comorbidity. The influence of the gender, age, race, and seasonal variations in the course of arterial hypertension and obesity was highlighted as well. Special attention was paid to the issues considering the development of these diseases worldwide, age-related characteristics in the progression of this variant of comorbidity. When studying the problem of cardioremodeling in patients with arterial hypertension and in patients with comorbid arterial hypertension and obesity, two types of this pathological process (concentric and eccentric) were established. It has been shown that their development in men and women is significantly influenced by the type of obesity. This process is a gradually progressive disrupt of the structure and function of all parts of the heart, which lead to the development of structural and functional irreversible changes. This is especially clearly observed in patients with arterial hypertension and obesity, including those with type 2 diabetes.