Investigating Intraspecific Variation of <i>Acidovorax avenae</i> subsp. <i>citrulli</i> Using DNA Fingerprinting and Whole Cell Fatty Acid Analysis

Walcott, R. R.; Langston, David B.; Sanders, F. H.; Gitaitis, R. D.

doi:10.1094/phyto.2000.90.2.191

Cited by 81 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…citrulli isolates have been shown to differ on the basis of DNA-fingerprinting profiles, whole-cell fatty-acid composition, carbon-source utilization and pathogenicity assays. Two genetically distinct groups have been identified: group I includes strains isolated mainly from nonwatermelon hosts, while group II includes strains isolated mainly from watermelon seedlings and fruits (Walcott et al 2000(Walcott et al , 2004. In agreement with this classification, group I isolates are generally more virulent than group II isolates on non-watermelon cucurbits, while the opposite is generally observed on watermelon (Walcott et al 2004;Burdman et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Bacterial fruit blotch of melon: screens for disease tolerance and role of seed transmission in pathogenicity

2008

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Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits, caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, is a serious threat to the watermelon and melon industries. To date, there are no commercial cultivars of cucurbit crops resistant to the disease. Here we assessed the level of tolerance to bacterial fruit blotch of various commercial cultivars as well as breeding and wild lines of melon, using seed-transmission assays and seedling-inoculation experiments. Selected cultivars were also tested in a greenhouse experiment with mature plants. All tested cultivars/lines were found to be susceptible to the pathogen, and most of them showed different responses (relative tolerance vs. susceptibility) in the different assays; however, some consistent trends were found: cv. ADIR339 was relatively tolerant in all tested assays, and cv. 6407 and wild lines BLB-B and EAD-B were relatively tolerant in seed-transmission assays. We also provide evidence supporting a strong correlation between the level of susceptibility of a cultivar/line and the ability of the pathogen to adhere to or penetrate the seed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to assess melon cultivars/lines for bacterial fruit blotch response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…To these limitations, one can add the effects of ambient conditions on the response to BFB (Hopkins and Thompson 2002), and the high genetic variability within A. avenae subsp. citrulli (Walcott et al 2000(Walcott et al , 2004Burdman et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial fruit blotch of melon: screens for disease tolerance and role of seed transmission in pathogenicity

2008

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“…Bacterial suspensions (1.5 ml) were pelleted at 10,780g for 2 min and resuspended in 300 µl of the same buffer, followed by the addition of 60 µl of a 10 mg/ml lysozyme solution. Preparation of agarose plugs was as described [27]. Plugs were transferred to 1.5 ml Eppendorf tubes and 140 µl restriction mixtures were added to each tube.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variation in the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Acidovorax citrulli

et al. 2013

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Acidovorax citrulli causes bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits, a disease that threatens the cucurbit industry worldwide. Despite the economic importance of BFB, little is known about pathogenicity and fitness strategies of the bacterium. We have observed the phenomenon of phenotypic variation in A. citrulli. Here we report the characterization of phenotypic variants (PVs) of two strains, M6 and 7a1, isolated from melon and watermelon, respectively. Phenotypic variation was observed following growth in rich medium, as well as upon isolation of bacteria from inoculated plants or exposure to several stresses, including heat, salt and acidic conditions. When grown on nutrient agar, all PV colonies possessed a translucent appearance, in contrast to parental strain colonies that were opaque. After 72 h, PV colonies were bigger than parental colonies, and had a fuzzy appearance relative to parental strain colonies that are relatively smooth. A. citrulli colonies are generally surrounded by haloes detectable by the naked eye. These haloes are formed by type IV pilus (T4P)-mediated twitching motility that occurs at the edge of the colony. No twitching haloes could be detected around colonies of both M6 and 7a1 PVs, and microscopy observations confirmed that indeed the PVs did not perform twitching motility. In agreement with these results, transmission electron microscopy revealed that M6 and 7a1 PVs do not produce T4P under tested conditions. PVs also differed from their parental strain in swimming motility and biofilm formation, and interestingly, all assessed variants were less virulent than their corresponding parental strains in seed transmission assays. Slight alterations could be detected in some DNA fingerprinting profiles of 7a1 variants relative to the parental strain, while no differences at all could be seen among M6 variants and parental strain, suggesting that, at least in the latter, phenotypic variation is mediated by slight genetic and/or epigenetic alterations.

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“…Examples of these include watermelon fruit blotch [1], [4], [23], [33], [47], [48], [50], bacterial canker of tomato [21], [43], bacterial speck of tomato [30], bacterial spot of pepper [26], [27], [42], and bacterial blight of soybean [28], which are caused by Acidovorax citrulli [35], [38], Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Smith) [43], Pseudomonas syringae pv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Seedborne Bacterial Pathogens with Host and Non-Host Plants in Relation to Seed Infestation and Seedling Transmission

et al. 2014

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The ability of seed-borne bacterial pathogens (Acidovorax citrulli, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea) to infest seeds of host and non-host plants (watermelon, tomato, pepper, and soybean) and subsequent pathogen transmission to seedlings was investigated. A non-pathogenic, pigmented strain of Serratia marcescens was also included to assess a null-interacting situation with the same plant species. Flowers of host and non-host plants were inoculated with 1×106 colony forming units (CFUs)/flower for each bacterial species and allowed to develop into fruits or umbels (in case of onion). Seeds harvested from each host/non-host bacterial species combination were assayed for respective bacteria by plating on semi-selective media. Additionally, seedlots for each host/non-host bacterial species combination were also assayed for pathogen transmission by seedling grow-out (SGO) assays under greenhouse conditions. The mean percentage of seedlots infested with compatible and incompatible pathogens was 31.7 and 30.9% (by plating), respectively and they were not significantly different (P = 0.67). The percentage of seedlots infested with null-interacting bacterial species was 16.8% (by plating) and it was significantly lower than the infested lots generated with compatible and incompatible bacterial pathogens (P = 0.03). None of the seedlots with incompatible/null-interacting bacteria developed symptoms on seedlings; however, when seedlings were assayed for epiphytic bacterial presence, 19.5 and 9.4% of the lots were positive, respectively. These results indicate that the seeds of non-host plants can become infested with incompatible and null-interacting bacterial species through flower colonization and they can be transmitted via epiphytic colonization of seedlings. In addition, it was also observed that flowers and seeds of non-host plants can be colonized by compatible/incompatible/null-interacting bacteria to higher populations; however, the level of colonization differed significantly depending on the type of bacterial species used.

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Investigating Intraspecific Variation of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Using DNA Fingerprinting and Whole Cell Fatty Acid Analysis

Cited by 81 publications

References 19 publications

Bacterial fruit blotch of melon: screens for disease tolerance and role of seed transmission in pathogenicity

Bacterial fruit blotch of melon: screens for disease tolerance and role of seed transmission in pathogenicity

Phenotypic Variation in the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Acidovorax citrulli

Interactions of Seedborne Bacterial Pathogens with Host and Non-Host Plants in Relation to Seed Infestation and Seedling Transmission

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