Investigating Limiting Factors in Stretchable All-Carbon Transistors for Reliable Stretchable Electronics

Chortos, Alex; Zhu, Chong; Oh, Jin Young; Yan, Xuzhou; Pochorovski, Igor; To, John W. F.; Liu, Nan; Kraft, Ulrike; Murmann, Boris; Bao, Zhenan

doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b02458

Cited by 54 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(251 reference statements)

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“…The higher toughness and tear strength of the TPU, compared to the commonly used PDMS, not only enabled the device to maintain its functionality under mechanical stretching over 1000 cycles, but also increased its resistance to mechanical damage. The nonpolar elastomer dielectric material, SEBS, was used for stretchable transistors because of its low concentration of dipoles which minimizes hysteresis . Chortos et al used SEBS as an elastomer gate dielectric to investigate the band‐gap effect of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on transistor performance .…”

Section: Rubbery Dielectricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials

2019

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processes, and device structures have been transforming traditional wafer electronics to be soft, stretchy, and reconfigurable. In particular, owing to their superior mechanical characteristics, i.e., soft, bendable, stretchable, and twistable, stretchable electronics hold promise in health monitors, [1] medical implants, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] artificial skins, [5,6,[11][12][13][14][15] human-machine interfaces, [11,[16][17][18][19][20] wearable internet of things, [21][22][23][24] etc.As the core and fundamental building block of active electronics, transistors constructed from semiconductors, conductors, and dielectrics are key to enabling electrical functionalities such as switching and amplification. To make transistors stretchable, either the associated electronic materials need to be stretchable or special mechanical structures and layouts need to be included in the transistor design. There are many studies reporting stretchable conductors, as reviewed in the following, while many readily available dielectric materials are stretchy. These have significantly offered many possible options in the device design space. To date, the dominant semiconductors employed for stretchable electronics are either conventional or emerging semiconductors. However, these materials, either in the format of inorganics (such as Si, GaAs, oxides) or organics (such as poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) or P3HT, pentacene), are mechanically nonstretchable. [20,21] Existing strategies to make these nonstretchable semiconductors stretchable mainly involve creating special mechanical structures or architectures with these materials, such as out-of-plane wrinkles, [25,26] in-plane serpentines, [27,28] rigid islands with deformable interconnects, [29][30][31] and kirigami architectures, [32][33][34] to eliminate mechanical strain while they are stretched. However, these approaches require sophisticated structural designs, complicated manufacturing processes, or consume a large area due to stretchable interconnection, all of which pose substantial challenges in high-density integration, packaging, associated high cost, and mass production.Constructing devices all from intrinsically stretchable elastomeric electronic materials offers another interesting yet promising route toward stretchable transistors and electronics. These types of electronics, namely rubbery electronics, neatly avoid the aforementioned challenges since they do not require structural engineering for device fabrication and the manufacturing processes can be adopted into conventional fabrication processes. [29,35] In addition, rubbery electronics offer better cost Stretchable electronics outperform existing rigid and bulky electronics and benefit a wide range of species, including humans, machines, and robots, whose activities are associated with large mechanical deformation and strain. Due to the nonstretchable nature of most electronic materials, in particular semiconductors, stretchable electronics are mostly realized through the strategies of architectural engine...

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Section: Rubbery Dielectricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rubbery Dielectricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials

2019

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“…Stretchable dielectrics require excellent mechanical properties and high dielectric constant. However, elastomers exhibit very low permittivity and excellent stretchable properties, such as polyurethane (PU) [14], poly-Styrene-co-Ethylene-co-Butylene-co-Styrene (SEBS) [15] and dicarboxy-terminated poly(acrylonitrileco-butadiene) with cross-linking 1,6-bis(trichlorosilyl)hexane [16]. One effective method to improve dielectric properties is to compound nanomaterials into elastomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable multifunctional dielectric nanocomposites based on polydimethylsiloxane mixed with metal nanoparticles

Feng

Zhong

Zhao

2019

Mater. Res. Express

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Next generation wearable electronics require stretchable dielectrics. There has been significant effort to characterize and improve the components of dielectric composites for use in these devices. In this work, a new stretchable dielectric material, composited by silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is prepared and characterized. The alternating arrays of Ag NPs groups and Ni NPs groups in the three-dimensional matrix of PDMS function as micro capacitors and prevent current percolation. Compared with PDMS alone, the alternating arrays exhibit a dielectric constant (k) that is increased by 1146% and can reach 35.13, with dielectric loss as low as 0.009. Slightly lower k and larger dielectric loss appear at high frequencies. The material exhibits negative temperature dependence, and the composition ratio affects the dielectric properties. The strain at break is 139.68% and the elastic modulus is as low as 3.57 kPa. By controlling the type, size and dispersion of metal nanoparticles in PDMS matrix, a parallel-plate capacitor with constant capacitance is achieved, demonstrating the dependence of the dielectric constant on the applied strain. Moreover, by replacing the parallel plates with cylindrical fibers, a capacitive strain sensor was demonstrated. After hundreds of stretching-releasing cycles, the dielectrics work normally. The excellent properties of this material suggest its significant potential for use in wearable electronics.

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“…Since its discovery, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have attracted much attention due to their abundant electrical properties and excellent mechanical properties and they are once considered to be the most promising alternative to conventional silicon materials in the fabrication of next generation logic circuits or chips . Apparently, the process of substitution is an extremely challenging task which is generally believed to face two major problems .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Dynamics Study on Self‐Assembly of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: From Molecular Morphology and Binding Energy

Zhang

Cui

Yang

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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Molecular dynamics simulations are used to reveal the adsorption behavior of modified single‐walled carbon nanotubes (M‐SWNTs) on the functionalized surfaces (F‐surfaces) bound to a silicon dioxide substrate, in order to illustrate the mechanism of patterned self‐assembly of SWNTs on the atomic scale. Noncovalent modification strategy with surfactants is adopted to investigate the structural transition of the surfactant on SWNTs in aqueous solution. Core/shell hybrid structures are formed ultimately by the surfactant scrolling onto SWNTs periphery. Two different kinds of silanes are used to control the wettability of the F‐surfaces from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. An excluded‐volume constraints algorithm is employed to calculate the global energy minimum to rationalize the driving force controlling the behavior evolution. The mechanisms for self‐assembly are illustrated in two segments in detail that the electrostatic attraction starts the self‐assembly program on the hydrophilic surface, while van der Waals interaction plays an important role in the behavior of nonassembly to the hydrophobic surface. The results are not only helpful to understand many phenomena in the self‐assembly process on the atomic scale but also will provide meaningful guidance in fabrication of SWNTs patterns to keep fidelity.

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Investigating Limiting Factors in Stretchable All-Carbon Transistors for Reliable Stretchable Electronics

Cited by 54 publications

References 107 publications

Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials

Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials

Stretchable multifunctional dielectric nanocomposites based on polydimethylsiloxane mixed with metal nanoparticles

A Molecular Dynamics Study on Self‐Assembly of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: From Molecular Morphology and Binding Energy

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