The sedimentation of particle accumulation caused by the overlying load exerts serious effects. In order to study the particle transport mechanism of sand granular material accumulation during sedimentation, the micro glass beads (MGB) are selected as the experimental research object. Glass bead particles with five size ranges are selected for graded loading test, and their mechanical properties and deformation mechanism under triaxial loading are analyzed by discrete element method (DEM). The experimental results show that with the increase of axial load, the deformation of glass beads gradually increases, the porosity gradually decreases, and the strain difference in the loading stage increases exponentially. Under the same load, the deformation of particle accumulation increases with the enlargement of bead size. The discrete element method results show that with the increase of axial load, the rotation angle and the maximum speed at all levels of beads gradually increase, the rotation angle difference at all loading stages increases, and the rotation angle and speed are also raised with the increase increasing particle size. Combined with the test and discrete element method analysis, it can be obtained that the increase of the accumulation strain difference of beads during loading is mainly due to the improved rotation of particles. With the increase of load, the rotation angle of beads increases and the displacement caused by rotation increases. With the increase of particle size, the porosity between beads increases, the coordination number decreases, the anti-rotation ability between beads decreases, and the rotation of particles is promoted, resulting in greater strain difference of accumulation.