“…According to Pamuk et al (2013), TPACK relationships are as follows: (a) second-layer knowledge bases (PCK, TCK, TPK) predict TPACK better than core knowledge bases (TK, PK, CK), (b) TCK, followed by TPK, is the strongest predictor of TPACK, (c) core knowledge bases indirectly influence TPACK, via second-layer knowledge, (d) core knowledge bases are correlated with their intersected knowledge (i.e., TK impacting TCK and TPK, CK impacting PCK and TCK, PK impacting PCK and TPK). These findings are fully supported by Santika et al (2021) with their recent study examining structural relationships between TPACK components. Other researchers agreed on most yet opposed some of the above findings.…”