Investigating Pedestrian Kinematics with the Polar-II Finite Element Model

Shin, Jeongho; Untaroiu, Costin D.; Kerrigan, Jason; Crandall, Jeff; Subit, Damien; Takahashi, Yukou; Akiyama, Akihiko; Kikuchi, Yuji; Longhitano, Douglas

doi:10.4271/2007-01-0756

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Shin et al's results [31] are coincident with our simulation results in some aspects. They performed multiple simulations and experiments by vertically moving the pedestrian dummy with respect to the vehicle reference frame to evaluate the influence of shifting body contact points with respect to vehicle geometry on impact kinematics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Precrash Dipping Nose (PCDN) Needs Pedestrian Recognition

Jung

Kwak²,

Shim³

et al. 2009

IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory

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Abstract-This paper investigates the effect of vehicle front height lowering operation of precrash dipping nose (PCDN) on pedestrians. Although PCDN was developed for vehicle-vehicle side crashes, there is a possibility that the range sensor for crash detection will fail to distinguish a group of pedestrians from a side-faced vehicle. For simulation-based investigation, a vehicle model, an air spring with PCDN actuator, a pedestrian, and active hood system (AHS) were modeled. Two vehicle models were made for a sedan and a sport utility vehicle (SUV), respectively. In all crash situations (frontal crash without AHS, frontal crash with AHS, and side crash without AHS), a falsely operated PCDN is expected to cause worse pedestrian injury. As a conclusion, we insist that PCDN should incorporate a pedestrian-recognition capability into its crash detection system to reduce the improper activation of its actuator. In addition, as AHS showed a good performance even in improper activation, we propose a complementary method that activates AHS when PCDN is activated. It is noteworthy that the increasing importance of pedestrian protection seems to enforce even a system developed for vehicle-vehicle crashes to be investigated from the perspective of pedestrian safety.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Precrash Dipping Nose (PCDN) Needs Pedestrian Recognition

Jung

Kwak²,

Shim³

et al. 2009

IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory

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“…A pedestrian simulation was performed using the POLAR II FE model [18,19] and the FE model of an MS vehicle in order to determine the maximum level of dummy-vehicle forces during a 40 km/h impact. In addition to the upperbody kinematics of pedestrian recorded at specified locations (head centre of gravity (CG), T1, T8, pelvis [29]), the time histories of resultant forces were calculated at the contact regions of the dummy with four components (lower stiffener, bumper, leading edge and grille, hood - Figure 2).…”

Section: Development Of An Ms Pedestrian Buckmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While subsystem experiments are currently being used as the basis of evaluations for these regulations, car-to-pedestrian dummy impact tests 492 C.D. Untaroiu et al and verified at the full-scale level against kinematic data [18,19] recorded during the vehicle-dummy impact experiments [8]. The POLAR II FE model was developed using Hypermesh (Altair Engineering, Troy, MI, USA) and Generis (ESI, Paris, France) as pre-processors and PAM-CRASH/PAM-SAFE FE solver (version 2001, ESI [16]) was used for impact simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions

Untaroiu

Shin

Crandall

et al. 2010

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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2010) Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions, International Journal of Crashworthiness, 15:5, 491-503,Previous vehicle-to-pedestrian impact simulations and experiments using pedestrian dummies and cadavers have shown that factors such as vehicle shape, pedestrian anthropometry and pre-impact conditions influence pedestrian kinematics and injury mechanisms. Generic pedestrian bucks, which approximate the geometrical and stiffness properties of current vehicles, would be useful in studying the influence of vehicle front-end structures on pedestrian kinematics and loading. This study explores the design of pedestrian bucks, intended to represent the basic vehicle front-end structures, consisting of five components: lower stiffener, bumper, hood leading edge and grille, hood and windshield. The deformable parts of the bucks were designed using types of currently manufactured materials, which allow fabricating the bucks in the future. The geometry of pedestrian bucks was approximated according to the contour cross-sections of two sedan vehicles used in previous pedestrian dummy and cadaver impact tests. Other cross-sectional dimensions and the stiffness of the buck components were determined by parameter identification using finite-element (FE) simulations of each sedan model. In the absence of a validated FE model of human, the FE model of the POLAR II pedestrian dummy was used to validate a mid-size sedan (MS) pedestrian buck. A good correlation of the pedestrian dummy kinematics and contact forces obtained in dummy-MS pedestrian buck with the corresponding data from dummy-MS vehicle simulation was achieved. A parametric study using the POLAR II FE model and different buck models -an MS buck and a large-size sedan (LS) buck -were run to study the influence of an automatic braking system for reducing the pedestrian injuries. The vehicle braking conditions showed reductions in the relative velocity of the head to the vehicle and increases in the time of head impact and in the wrap-around-distances (WAD) to primary head contact. The head impact velocity showed a greater sensitivity to the different buck shapes (e.g. LS buck versus MS buck) than to the braking deceleration. The buck FE models developed in this study are expected to be used in sensitivity and optimisation studies for the development of new pedestrian protection systems.

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“…Sadayuki Kuwahara et al set up the FE model to simulate the human-vehicle accidents and study the injury of lower limbs [2]. Jaeho Shin et al use the real vehicle impact experiment to verify the human vehicle accident model [3]. In the application of injuries, pedestrian injuries are considered as an evaluation index to provide a reconstruction method for car-pedestrian collisions [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulative Research on the Influence of Vehicle Brake Deceleration on the Throw Distance Property of Human-Vehicle Accidents

Yuan

Guo

2012

AMM

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Braking deceleration of passenger-car has great influence on the pedestrian motion process after collision of human-vehicle accident, but it is considered not enough in current accident reconstruction and vehicle-speed analysis. In order to improve the accuracy of accident reconstruction, a computer simulation model of pedestrian-vehicle accidents based on finite element (FE) method and human parameters of Chinese adult human body is established. In this article, based on the FE model, human-vehicle crash is simulated through involving the influence of braking deceleration of passenger-car. For the application of the vehicle-speed analysis, the motion performance of pedestrian after collision were studied and the correlation between the pedestrian throw distance and vehicle impact speed are investigated. The influence of braking deceleration in same impact speed is analyzed. Research results show that the vehicle brake deceleration has a certain influence on the throw distance of pedestrian and it should be taken into account on the accident reconstruction. We can conclude that pedestrian throw distance can be used to estimate the vehicle collision speed accurately when drivers take full braking measure during the crash.

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Investigating Pedestrian Kinematics with the Polar-II Finite Element Model

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Precrash Dipping Nose (PCDN) Needs Pedestrian Recognition

Precrash Dipping Nose (PCDN) Needs Pedestrian Recognition

Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions

Simulative Research on the Influence of Vehicle Brake Deceleration on the Throw Distance Property of Human-Vehicle Accidents

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