Investigating Perceived Task Urgency as Justification for Dominant Robot Behaviour

Boos, Annika; Sax, Michaela; Reinhardt, Jakob

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50726-8_15

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A Cluster Analysis of the participants' responses to the open question on why they preferred either one of the robots revealed that the humanoid was mostly appreciated for the categories personality and approachability (8 times mentioned), lifelikeness (6), entertainment (4), pleasantness (3), and aesthetics (3). The non-humanoid was preferred for matching with its functionality (3) and not being distracting (2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When transparent reasoning is given, a service robot, therefore, can offer effective behavior modification. Giving a justification and explanation for a robot's behavior was also found a factor to mitigate reactance and lead to higher compliance with a robot's cue in the works of [2] and [6]. Additionally, following Agrawal and Williams's suggestions (2017), emphasis should be put on developing robot behavior that ensures safety, so that people develop a sense of trust in the robot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Robot Designs on Human Compliance and Emotion: A Virtual Reality Study in the Context of Future Public Transport

Herzog¹,

Forchhammer²,

Kong³

et al. 2022

J. Hum.-Robot Interact.

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As robots enter everyday environments, they start performing tasks originally performed by humans. One field of application is the public transport sector. The deployment of autonomous transport systems comes with a lack of human contact persons for help, guidance, and crowd management. This elicits challenges regarding redirecting and managing passengers. Current solutions on platforms can be replaced or enriched with service robots whose task includes crowd management as well as social interaction. This study investigates how the human-likeness of a robot influences the compliance and emotions of public transport users. A Virtual Reality experiment was conducted (N=33) to evaluate two different robot designs in a bus stop boarding scenario. The two robot designs differ in terms of humanoid appearance. In different experimental trials, participants had to perform a given task that was nullified by instructions from one of the two robots. Additionally, the dissonance of the situation was altered so that the environment either justified the robot's interference or not. Compliant behavior, pleasure, and arousal ratings, as well as task processing times were recorded. The experiment included an individual interview and a post-study questionnaire. The results suggest that future deployment of service robots has the potential to redirect passengers. In dissonant situations, clear reasoning must be given to make the robot effective. However, the robot's visual appearance has a more substantial impact on arousal and subjective preferences than on evoked behavior. The study implies that the presence of a service robot can influence peoples’ choices and gives hints about the importance of giving a reason. However, objectively, the level of the robot's humanoid appearance did not make a difference.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Robot Designs on Human Compliance and Emotion: A Virtual Reality Study in the Context of Future Public Transport

Herzog¹,

Forchhammer²,

Kong³

et al. 2022

J. Hum.-Robot Interact.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to Principles 2.1 and 2.2, cues should be more explicit by adding context if time permits. Justifying a robot’s behaviour can mitigate reactance and lead to higher compliance with the cue ( Babel et al, 2020 ; Boos et al, 2020 ). The design implications considering comprehensive cues can be summarised as follows:…”

Section: Method—model Formalisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social responses to a robot’s cues can be influenced by personal factors such as an individual’s trusting beliefs in a robot ( Ghazali et al, 2020 ), robot-related factors such as the sophistication of a robot’s social cues ( Ghazali et al, 2019 ), as well as environmental factors such as a robot’s task at hand ( Boos et al, 2020 ). When evaluating HRI of robots deployed in public space, researchers encounter two main constraints: Firstly, a robot’s human interaction partners are primarily encountered by chance and their internal states, traits and beliefs often remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compliance–reliance paradigm has been applied before in research on HRI, including research on a robot’s tasks ( Boos et al, 2020 ), varying motion cues at a narrow passage ( Reinhardt et al, 2020 ), as well as a robot’s appearance and dissonance with its recommendations ( Herzog et al, 2022 ). However, there is still no complete theoretical consideration of a compliance–reactance model for application in HRI to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Compliance–Reactance Framework for Evaluating Human-Robot Interaction

et al. 2022

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When do we follow requests and recommendations and which ones do we choose not to comply with? This publication combines definitions of compliance and reactance as behaviours and as affective processes in one model for application to human-robot interaction. The framework comprises three steps: human perception, comprehension, and selection of an action following a cue given by a robot. The paper outlines the application of the model in different study settings such as controlled experiments that allow for the assessment of cognition as well as observational field studies that lack this possibility. Guidance for defining and measuring compliance and reactance is outlined and strategies for improving robot behaviour are derived for each step in the process model. Design recommendations for each step are condensed into three principles on information economy, adequacy, and transparency. In summary, we suggest that in order to maximise the probability of compliance with a cue and to avoid reactance, interaction designers should aim for a high probability of perception, a high probability of comprehension and prevent negative affect. Finally, an example application is presented that uses existing data from a laboratory experiment in combination with data collected in an online survey to outline how the model can be applied to evaluate a new technology or interaction strategy using the concepts of compliance and reactance as behaviours and affective constructs.

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Polite and Unambiguous Requests Facilitate Willingness to Help an Autonomous Delivery Robot and Favourable Social Attributions

Boos

Zimmermann²,

Zych³

et al. 2022

2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)

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Investigating Perceived Task Urgency as Justification for Dominant Robot Behaviour

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

The Influence of Robot Designs on Human Compliance and Emotion: A Virtual Reality Study in the Context of Future Public Transport

The Influence of Robot Designs on Human Compliance and Emotion: A Virtual Reality Study in the Context of Future Public Transport

A Compliance–Reactance Framework for Evaluating Human-Robot Interaction

Polite and Unambiguous Requests Facilitate Willingness to Help an Autonomous Delivery Robot and Favourable Social Attributions

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