“…The higher sorption affinity of surface bonded fraction (k L,1 ) than that of ion exchanged fraction (k L,2 ) of Cu 2+ on a given HA fraction could be attributed to the stronger attraction and higher sorption energy occurred in surface complexation process than that in ion exchange process, consistent with previous results (Tipping, 2002;Bradl, 2004;Jiang et al, 2005). The smaller sorption capacity of surface bonded fraction (q m,1 ) than that of ion exchanged fraction (q m,2 ) could be attributed to the less sorption sites available on a given HA fraction for Cu 2+ sorption through surface complexation, compared with the sites available for Cu 2+ sorption through ion exchange (Gezici et al, 2007a(Gezici et al, , 2007b. Sorption capacity of the surface bonded fraction (q m,1 ) and the ion exchanged fraction (q m,2 ) at a given pH decreased with increasing extraction, and were both in an order of HAA > HAB > HAC > HAD (Table 2).…”