“…Transformation can be characterized as (Ahrens, Zaščerinska, Lange, & Aļeksejeva, 2021) a system process as its properties are linked, -a complex process as its elements are interwined, -a linear process as it proceeds from one stage/phase to another, -a cyclic process as it can be repeated, -of social nature as it changes within and by society and/or community, -of bi-module nature as it includes both external and internal perspectives (Zascerinska, 2013). Social sciences' transformation are identified to be (Mota & Lopes dos Santos, 2018) as shown in Figure 1 ontological, and epistomological. Based on Vygotsky's theories (Vygostky, 1934(Vygostky, /1962), these two processes are considered to be inter-connected.…”