Investigating temporal changes in hybridization and introgression in a predominantly bimodal hybridizing population of invasive sika (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) and native red deer (<i>C. elaphus</i>) on the Kintyre Peninsula, Scotland

Senn, Helen; Barton, Nick; Goodman, Simon J.; Swanson, Graeme M.; Abernethy, Katharine; Pemberton, Josephine M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04497.x

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Even with such opportunities, interbreeding does not seem to be a common occurrence. In Britain, hybridization is an uncommon event even where substantial populations of both red deer and sika occur in the wild (Goodman et al 1999, Díaz et al 2006, Senn & Pemberton 2009, Senn et al 2010. Hybridization of red deer and sika does not seem to have occurred in the Kerry region in the south-west of Ireland (McDevitt et al 2009), despite their sympatric occurrence in that region for nearly 150 years (sika were introduced to Killarney, County Kerry in 1865; Whitehead 1960Whitehead , 1964.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and range expansion of deer in Ireland

Carden

Carlin

Marnell³

et al. 2010

Mammal Review

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1. Throughout Europe, the range of many deer species is expanding. We provide current distribution maps for red deer Cervus elaphus, sika Cervus nippon, fallow deer Dama dama and muntjac deer Muntiacus sp. in Ireland, and estimates of range expansion rates for red deer, sika and fallow deer. 2.There was a considerable expansion in the ranges of red deer, sika and fallow deer between 1978 and 2008. The compound annual rate of expansion was 7% for red deer, 5% for sika and 3% for fallow deer. The total range increase was 565% for red deer, 353% for sika and 174% for fallow deer. The potential implications of these expansions are discussed. 3. There are unknown numbers of red-sika hybrid deer in some parts of Ireland. Range expansion is likely to lead to further hybridizations with implications for the genetic integrity of deer stocks. 4. Sightings of free-roaming muntjac deer were first recorded in 2007. The distribution of confirmed sightings of single and multiple animals in the eastern region of Ireland suggests multiple releases. 5. Deer are already impacting on both the economic and biodiversity values of habitats in Ireland, where, at present, no sustainable deer management policy exists.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and range expansion of deer in Ireland

Carden

Carlin

Marnell³

et al. 2010

Mammal Review

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“…Assortative mating usually prevents hybridization between larger red and smaller sika deer, but hybridization increases phenotypic similarity between the two species, making further hybridization more likely (Senn et al. 2010b), and even low numbers of hybridization events may lead to substantial introgression at the population level (Senn et al. 2010a).…”

Section: Conservation Issues In a Common Species: Human Impacts On Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography, population genetics and conservation of the European red deer Cervus elaphus

Zachos¹,

Hartl²

2011

Mammal Review

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1. During the Last Glacial Maximum, European red deer Cervus elaphus occurred in refugia in Iberia/southern France, Italy, the Balkans and the Carpathians. Most of Europe, including large parts of the east and north-east, is now inhabited by red deer from the western lineage. The eastern lineage is largely confined to south-eastern Europe; a third lineage comprises Sardo-Corsican and Barbary red deer. 2. Sardo-Corsican, Barbary and Mesola red deer are genetically unique units. They exhibit low levels of genetic diversity and deserve particular protection, since conservation strategies should target genetic information. 3. Hybridization between sika Cervus nippon and red deer occurs rarely, but may lead to extensive introgression, particularly in parts of the British Isles. Further expansion of both species may lead to increased hybridization in continental Europe. 4. Although hunting has an impact on red deer gene pools, the main threat today is habitat fragmentation in human-dominated landscapes. The resulting increase in genetic drift and inbreeding reduces variability in isolated populations and may lead to inbreeding depression. To support vital meta-populations, migration corridors should be established. INTRODUCTIONThe red deer Cervus elaphus is one of the most widespread large mammals in Europe, occurring throughout most of the continent except in northern Scandinavia, Finland and Iceland. As perhaps the most important game species, it has also been undergoing anthropogenic impacts for centuries, or even millennia. The red deer is therefore an interesting model species whose distribution and genetic structure have been shaped by both natural and human factors, resulting in a mosaic pattern of recent human-mediated demographic factors, grafted on the underlying, more ancient structuring, through natural selection and large-scale biogeographic phenomena

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“…This may result in breakdown of weak pre-zygotic reproductive isolation, inducing hybridization between closely related species or morph-pairs [4], [17]. Increased hybridization between sympatric species following environmental disturbances has been reported in both plants and animals [26], [28], [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation Reversal in European Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (L.)) Caused by Competitor Invasion

et al. 2014

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Invasion of exotic species has caused the loss of biodiversity and imparts evolutionary and ecological changes in the introduced systems. In northern Fennoscandia, European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (L.)) is a highly polymorphic species displaying adaptive radiations into partially reproductively isolated and thus genetically differentiated sympatric morphs utilizing the planktivorous and benthivorous food niche in many lakes. In 1993, Lake Skrukkebukta was invaded by vendace (Coregonus albula (L.)) which is a zooplanktivorous specialist. The vendace displaced the densely rakered whitefish from its preferred pelagic niche to the benthic habitat harbouring the large sparsely rakered whitefish. In this study, we investigate the potential influence of the vendace invasion on the breakdown of reproductive isolation between the two whitefish morphs. We inferred the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation between the two morphs collected at the arrival (1993) and 15 years after (2008) the vendace invasion using 16 microsatellite loci and gill raker numbers, the most distinctive adaptive phenotypic trait between them. The comparison of gill raker number distributions revealed two modes growing closer over 15 years following the invasion. Bayesian analyses of genotypes revealed that the two genetically distinct whitefish morphs that existed in 1993 had collapsed into a single population in 2008. The decline in association between the gill raker numbers and admixture values over 15 years corroborates the findings from the Bayesian analysis. Our study thus suggests an apparent decrease of reproductive isolation in a morph-pair of European whitefish within 15 years (≃ 3 generations) following the invasion of a superior trophic competitor (vendace) in a subarctic lake, reflecting a situation of “speciation in reverse”.

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Investigating temporal changes in hybridization and introgression in a predominantly bimodal hybridizing population of invasive sika (Cervus nippon) and native red deer (C. elaphus) on the Kintyre Peninsula, Scotland

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Distribution and range expansion of deer in Ireland

Distribution and range expansion of deer in Ireland

Phylogeography, population genetics and conservation of the European red deer Cervus elaphus

Speciation Reversal in European Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (L.)) Caused by Competitor Invasion

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