Investigating Tensile Behavior of Sustainable Basalt–Carbon, Basalt–Steel, and Basalt–Steel-Wire Hybrid Composite Bars

Mirdarsoltany, Mohammadamin; Rahai, Alireza; Hatami, Farzad; Homayoonmehr, Reza; Abed, Farid

doi:10.3390/su131910735

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The concept of the hybridization process refers to applying different materials in one cross-section of an FRP bar to exert a pseudo-ductile behavior on fabricated hybrid FRP bars. As the different materials used for fabricating hybrid FRP bars have a different ultimate tensile strain, this leads to the ductility of fabricated FRP bars under tensile stress [44,101]. Research has shown that the use of steel materials for the fabrication of hybrid composite bars can lead to better ductility, in comparison with fabricating hybrid composite bars by only using different composite materials in one section of each hybrid composite bar.…”

Section: Influence Of Hybridization On Mechanical Properties Of Compo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another viable approach to dealing with the aforementioned issues is by using fiberreinforced polymer (FRP) bars. This is due to their appropriate mechanical behavior, such as their tensile strength, durability, and anti-corrosion performance resistance [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Supplanting FRP bars with conventional steel bars can preserve the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete elements [56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Different Simulated Environmental Conditions and Hybridization Processes on the Mechanical Behavior of Different FRP Bars

et al. 2022

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When it comes to sustainability, steel rebar corrosion has always been a big issue, especially when they are exposed to harsh environmental conditions, such as marine and coastal environments. Moreover, the steel industry is to blame for being one of the largest producers of carbon in the world. To supplant this material, utilizing fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) and hybrid FRP bars as a reinforcement in concrete elements is proposed because of their appropriate mechanical behavior, such as their durability, high tensile strength, high-temperature resistance, and lightweight-to-strength ratio. This method not only improves the long performance of reinforced concrete (RC) elements but also plays an important role in achieving sustainability, thus reducing the maintenance costs of concrete structures. On the other hand, FRP bars do not show ductility under tensile force. This negative aspect of FRP bars causes a sudden failure in RC structures, acting as a stumbling block to the widespread use of these bars in RC elements. This research, at first, discusses the effects of different environmental solutions, such as alkaline, seawater, acid, salt, and tap water on the tensile and bonding behavior of different fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, ranging from glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars, and basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars, to carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars, and aramid fiber-reinforced polymer (AFRP) bars. Furthermore, the influence of the hybridization process on the ductility, tensile, and elastic modulus of FRP bars is explored. The study showed that the hybridization process improves the tensile strength of FRP bars by up to 224% and decreases their elastic modulus by up to 73%. Finally, future directions on FRP and hybrid FRP bars are recommended.

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Section: Influence Of Hybridization On Mechanical Properties Of Compo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Different Simulated Environmental Conditions and Hybridization Processes on the Mechanical Behavior of Different FRP Bars

et al. 2022

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“…In this study, mechanical and durability properties of basalt and glass fiber reinforced cement mortars at different fiber lengths and diameters were investigated. Glass [21,22] and basalt [23,24] fibers are among the most widely used fibers in concrete due to their good mechanical and durability properties [25]. Although the production of basalt and glass fibers, both of which are silicate, is similar [26], basalt fibers have a more environmentally friendly production process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanical and Durability Properties of Cement Mortars with Different Types of Fibers and Chemical Admixtures

ÇANKAL,

ÖZTÜRK,

KAPLAN

2024

DEUFMD

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Improving the mechanical and durability properties of cement-based materials such as concrete is very important. The use of fibers is a good alternative in cement-based materials production. This study investigated workability, some mechanical and durability properties of cement mortar in cooperation with glass and basalt fiber. Basalt and glass fibers were used instead of the aggregate in the mixture as 0.8 and 1% by weight. The compatibility of the polycarboxylate-based water reducer and the modified phosphonate-based water reducer as chemical admixtures in selected ratios and fibers was tested. Experiments were carried out after 7 and 28 days of water cure and the effect of the curing periods were also determined. Flexural strength values of basalt fiber reinforced samples in all sets were found to be more than glass fiber reinforced samples. However, high compressive strength are obtained in glass fiber reinforced samples. Beside the positive results obtained in the mechanical properties, the effects of the fibers in the abrasion and acid resistance (10% hydrochloric acid solution during 30 days) have given positive results.

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“…The corrosion of embedded reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures is one of the most pervasive global durability challenges [17][18][19][20][21]. The utilization of clay-based SCMs can compromise the durability of concrete materials due to the reduced alkalinity of the pore solution chemistry which is an important factor in arresting chloride-induced electrochemical corrosion of embedded reinforcement [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Effect of Metakaolin on the Chloride Binding of Concrete, Mortar, and Paste Specimens

et al. 2022

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Chloride binding is a complex phenomenon in which the chloride ions bind with hydrated Portland cement (PC) phases via physical and chemical mechanisms. However, the current utilization of clays as (Al)-rich supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as metakaolin (MK), can affect the chloride-binding capacity of these concrete materials. This state-of-the-art review discusses the effect of clay-based SCMs on physical and chemical chloride binding with an emphasis on MK as a high-reactivity clay-based SCM. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms playing a role in physical and chemical binding and the MK effect on the hydrated cement products before and after exposure to chloride ions are discussed. Recent findings have portrayed competing properties of how MK limits the physical chloride-binding capacity of MK-supplemented concrete. The use of MK has been found to increase the calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) content and its aluminum to silicon (Al/Si) ratio, but to reduce the calcium to silicon (Ca/Si) ratio, which reduces the physical chloride-binding capacity of PC-clay blended cements, such as limestone calcined clay cements (LC3). By contrast, the influence of MK on the chemical chloride capacity is significant since it increases the formation of Friedel’s salt due to an increased concentration of Al during the hydration of Portland cement grains. Recent research has found an optimum aluminum to calcium (Al/Ca) ratio range, of approximately 3 to 7, for maximizing the chemical binding of chlorides. This literature review highlights the optimal Al content for maximizing chloride binding, which reveals a theoretical limit for calcined clay addition to supplementary cementitious materials and LC3 formulations. Results show that 5–25% of replacements increase bound chloride; however, with a higher percentage of replacements, fresh and hardened state properties play a more pivotal role. Lastly, the practical application of four binding isotherms is discussed with the Freundlich isotherm found to be the most accurate in predicting the correlation between free and bound chlorides. This review discusses the effects of important cement chemistry parameters, such as cation type, sulfate presence, carbonation, chloride concentration, temperature, and applied electrical fields on the chloride binding of MK-containing concretes—important for the durable formulation of LC3.

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Investigating Tensile Behavior of Sustainable Basalt–Carbon, Basalt–Steel, and Basalt–Steel-Wire Hybrid Composite Bars

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Different Simulated Environmental Conditions and Hybridization Processes on the Mechanical Behavior of Different FRP Bars

A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Different Simulated Environmental Conditions and Hybridization Processes on the Mechanical Behavior of Different FRP Bars

The Mechanical and Durability Properties of Cement Mortars with Different Types of Fibers and Chemical Admixtures

A Review on the Effect of Metakaolin on the Chloride Binding of Concrete, Mortar, and Paste Specimens

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