Investigating the blood–spinal cord barrier in preclinical models: a systematic review of in vivo imaging techniques

Bakhsheshian, Joshua; Strickland, Ben A.; Mack, William J.; Zloković, Berislav V.

doi:10.1038/s41393-021-00623-7

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such vasogenic edema seems to occur without crossing the blood–spinal cord barrier (Aquaporin-4) via the peri-arterial space, and plasma water crosses via the peri-venous space in the spinal cord instead [ 18 , 19 ]. Enhancement on MRI in VCM may also suggest the possibility of a contrast agent entering the extracellular space via a damaged Aquarin-4 water channel in the perivenous space [ 20 - 22 ]. Considering that vigorous exercise can aggravate symptoms in patients with VCM, taurine-rich food may be similar to such exercise-induced energy loss in the neuronal cells of the spinal cord, leading to transient symptom aggravation [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,19 Enhancement on MRI in VCM may also suggest the possibility of a contrast agent entering the extracellular space via a damaged Aquarin-4 water channel in the perivenous space. [20][21][22] Considering that vigorous exercise can aggravate symptoms in patients with VCM, taurine-rich food may be similar to such exercise-induced energy loss in the neuronal cells of the spinal cord, leading to transient symptom aggravation. 23,24…”

Section: A C Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reversible Symptom Aggravation by Intake of Taurine-Rich Foods in Patients with Venous Congestive Myelopathy: Controlled Case Series Study

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: Reversible aggravation of myelopathy symptoms was observed after the intake of taurine-rich foods in patients with venous congestive myelopathy (VCM) caused by a spinal arteriovenous shunt (SAVS), and the taurine-challenge test was applied to demonstrate an association between taurine and VCM.Materials and Methods: The current study reviewed any aggravation history of myelopathy symptoms, including walking difficulty, after consuming taurine-rich foods among 133 consecutive patients with a SAVS from a prospective institutional database from June 2013 to February 2021. The type of taurine-rich foods, demographic data, arteriovenous shunt level, and follow-up periods were obtained. For the controlled taurine challenge test, Bacchus® (Dong-A Pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea), a taurine-rich drink, was given to patients who fulfilled test criteria of recovered VCM (pain-sensory-motor-sphincter scale ≥2, improvement of spinal cord signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging, and follow-up >6 months after SAVS treatment) to confirm the disappearance of such aggravation.Results: Ten patients had an aggravation history related to food. Webfoot octopus, small octopus, squid, crab, scallop, and taurine-rich energy drink (Bacchus®) were related to such aggravation in patients with VCM. Aggravation appeared about 30 minutes after food intake followed by expressions such as ‘I could not walk and collapsed to the ground’ and usually lasted for about 3 hours, followed by a slow recovery after taking rest. Four patients who met the test criteria underwent the taurine challenge with Bacchus® and revealed no further symptom aggravation, suggesting that taurine did not affect patients after recovery from VCM.Conclusion: The association between taurine-rich food and reversible symptom aggravation can appear in patients with VCM and disappear after VCM treatment. Aggravation of venous hypertension in the spinal cord is suggested as a mechanism but further elucidation is needed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A C Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Symptom Aggravation by Intake of Taurine-Rich Foods in Patients with Venous Congestive Myelopathy: Controlled Case Series Study

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The exploration of neurovascular signaling is still in its infancy. Exciting new approaches include (a) tissue clearing and imaging techniques to comprehensively map vascular anatomy (Kirst et al 2020); (b) omics technologies to define transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and chromatin states at single-cell resolution (Chappell et al 2018); (c) noninvasive in vivo imaging technologies (Bakhsheshian et al 2021); and (d) engineered viruses that can efficiently transduce CNS ECs for high-throughput genetic manipulation (Körbelin et al 2016). The insights that will come from using these and other approaches will lead to an improved understanding of CNS vascular biology in both normal and disease contexts.…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Pathways in Neurovascular Development

Rattner

Wang

Nathans

2022

Annu. Rev. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During development, the central nervous system (CNS) vasculature grows to precisely meet the metabolic demands of neurons and glia. In addition, the vast majority of the CNS vasculature acquires a unique set of molecular and cellular properties—collectively referred to as the blood–brain barrier—that minimize passive diffusion of molecules between the blood and the CNS parenchyma. Both of these processes are controlled by signals emanating from neurons and glia. In this review, we describe the nature and mechanisms-of-action of these signals, with an emphasis on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and beta-catenin (canonical Wnt) signaling, the two best-understood systems that regulate CNS vascular development. We highlight foundational discoveries, interactions between different signaling systems, the integration of genetic and cell biological studies, advances that are of clinical relevance, and questions for future research.

show abstract