Investigating the Eastern Alpine–Dinaric transition with teleseismic receiver functions: Evidence for subducted European crust

Mroczek, Stefan; Tilmann, Frederik; Pleuger, Jan; Yuan, Xiaohui; Heit, B.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118096

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The proxy depth corresponds also to the maximum interface probability as shown in Figure S14 of the Supporting Information . The Moho proxy is similar to previous estimates from receiver functions (Kummerow et al., 2004; Mroczek et al., 2023; Spada et al., 2013). The depth differences between this study and the inferred depths from Spada et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 10.1029/2023GC011238 proxy depth corresponds also to the maximum interface probability as shown in Figure S14 of the Supporting Information S1. The Moho proxy is similar to previous estimates from receiver functions (Kummerow et al, 2004;Mroczek et al, 2023;Spada et al, 2013). The depth differences between this study and the inferred depths from Spada et al (2013) and those from the receiver-function study of Mroczek et al (2023) are mostly in the range of 0-10 km as can be seen from the profiles in Figure 8.…”

Section: Moho Structuresupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The 4.15 km/s velocity contour is taken as Moho proxy and compared to the Moho estimates of (1) Mroczek et al. (2023) and (2) Spada et al. (2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, we prefer the model with a required Moho discontinuity since it facilitates the estimation of the crustal thickness and since we know from receiver functions that there is a velocity discontinuity across the crust‐mantle boundary for most parts of the study region (a possible exception may be the “Moho gap” in Spada et al. (2013) but with denser station coverage a Moho can apparently be imaged even in this area (Mroczek et al., 2023)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Moho depth estimate may, however, be biased wherever the crustal rock velocities are larger than 4.1 km/s so that our requirement of having a velocity interface between v S ≤ 4.1 and v S ≥ 4.2 is inappropriate. Nevertheless, we prefer the model with a required Moho discontinuity since it facilitates the estimation of the crustal thickness and since we know from receiver functions that there is a velocity discontinuity across the crust-mantle boundary for most parts of the study region (a possible exception may be the "Moho gap" in Spada et al (2013) but with denser station coverage a Moho can apparently be imaged even in this area (Mroczek et al, 2023)). The thickest crustal root with depths larger than ∼45 km (blue region in Figure 10) is approximately delimited to the south by the Periadriatic Fault and Giudicarie Fault; the northern limit tracks the AF but is offset to the south by about 50 km.…”

Section: Moho Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Anisotropic Reversible‐Jump McMC Shear‐Velocity Tomography of the Eastern Alpine Crust

Kästle,

Tilmann

2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The eastern Alpine crust has been shaped by the continental collision of the European and Adriatic plates beginning at 35 Ma and was affected by a major reorganization after 20 Ma. To better understand how the eastern Alpine surface structures link with deep seated processes, we analyze the depth‐dependent seismic anisotropy based on Rayleigh wave propagation. Ambient noise recordings are evaluated to extract Rayleigh wave phase dispersion measurements. These are inverted in a two step approach for the azimuthally anisotropic shear velocity structure. Both steps are performed with a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (rj‐McMC) approach that estimates data errors and propagates the modeled uncertainties from the phase velocity maps into the depth inversion. A two layer structure of azimuthal anisotropy is imaged in the Alpine crust, with an orogen‐parallel upper crust and approximately orogen‐perpendicular layer in the lower crust and the uppermost mantle. In the upper layer, the anisotropy tends to follow major fault lines and may thus be an apparent, structurally driven anisotropy. The main foliation and fold axis orientations might contribute to the anisotropy. In the lower crust, the N‐S orientation of the fast axis is mostly confined to regions north of the Periadriatic Fault and may be related to European subduction. Outside the orogen, no clearly layered structure is identified. The anisotropy pattern in the northern Alpine foreland is found to be similar compared to SKS studies which is an indication of very homogeneous fast axis directions throughout the crust and the upper mantle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Moho Structuresupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The 4.15 km/s velocity contour is taken as Moho proxy and compared to the Moho estimates of (1) Mroczek et al. (2023) and (2) Spada et al. (2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Moho Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Anisotropic Reversible‐Jump McMC Shear‐Velocity Tomography of the Eastern Alpine Crust

Kästle,

Tilmann

2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Post‐Collisional Reorganisation of the Eastern Alps in 4D – Crust and Mantle Structure

McPhee,

Handy

2024

Tectonics

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The Eastern Alps were affected by a profound post‐collisional tectonic reorganisation in Neogene time, featuring indentation by the Adriatic upper plate, rapid uplift and filling of the eastern Molasse Basin, exhumation and eastward orogen‐parallel transport of Paleogene metamorphic units in the orogenic core, and a shift from northward thrust propagation in the European plate to southward propagation in the Adriatic plate. We test the idea that these events were triggered by slab detachment by reconstructing the indentation process. This involves sequentially restoring N‐S and E‐W cross‐sections of the orogenic wedge and correcting for out‐of‐section orogen‐parallel transport with a map‐view reconstruction. We propose two phases of indentation: Initially (23 and 14 Ma), the whole Adriatic crust acted as an indenter. Its northward motion was accommodated by upright folding and orogen‐parallel extensional exhumation in the Tauern Window. This phase was followed (14 Ma to Present) by continued orogen‐parallel transport of the orogenic wedge into the Pannonian Basin and deformation of the leading edge of the Adriatic indenter, forming the Southern Alps fold‐thrust belt. The lower crust of the Southern Alps indented the base of the Venediger Nappes in the Tauern Window, forming a high‐velocity (6.8–7.25 km/s) ridge in map view at 30–45 km depth. By correlating the post‐23 Ma orogenic evolution with presently imaged European slab segments in P‐wave teleseismic tomography, we discern two possible Neogene slab removal events: One from 23 to 19 Ma triggering tectonic reorganisation of the Eastern Alps and its foreland basin, and potentially a second event after 14 Ma.

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Sp converted waves reveal the structure of the lithosphere below the Alps and their northern foreland

Kind,

Schmid,

Schneider

et al. 2023

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY The structure of the lithosphere is reflecting its evolution. The Moho of the European lithosphere has already been studied intensively. This is, however, not yet the case for the lower boundary of the lithosphere, that is the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB). We are using S-to-P converted seismic waves to study the structures of the Moho and the LAB beneath Europe including the greater Alpine Area with data from the AlpArray project and the European networks of permanent seismic stations. We use plain waveform stacking of converted waves without deconvolution and compare the results with stacking of deconvolved traces. We also compare Moho depths determinations using S-to-P converted waves with those obtained by other seismic methods. We present more detailed information about negative velocity gradients (NVG) below the Moho. Its lower bound may be interpreted as representing the LAB. We found that the thickness of the European mantle lithosphere is increasing from about 50°N towards the Alps along the entire east–west extension of the Alps. The NVG has also an east dipping component towards the Pannonian Basin and the Bohemian Massif. The Alps and their northern foreland north of about 50°N are surrounded in the east, west and north by a north dipping mantle lithosphere. Along 50°N, where the NVG is reversing its dip direction towards the north, is also the area along which the volcanoes of the European Cenozoic Rift System are located. Our results possibly indicate that the Alpine collision has deformed the entire lithosphere of the Alpine foreland as far north as about 50°N.

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Investigating the Eastern Alpine–Dinaric transition with teleseismic receiver functions: Evidence for subducted European crust

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Anisotropic Reversible‐Jump McMC Shear‐Velocity Tomography of the Eastern Alpine Crust

Anisotropic Reversible‐Jump McMC Shear‐Velocity Tomography of the Eastern Alpine Crust

Post‐Collisional Reorganisation of the Eastern Alps in 4D – Crust and Mantle Structure

Sp converted waves reveal the structure of the lithosphere below the Alps and their northern foreland

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