Investigating the Effect of Aluminum Diethylphosphinate on Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy, and Mechanical Properties of Poly(butylene succinate)

Abstract

Poly(butylene succinate) is one of the most promising biodegradable polymers, but its applications are limited by poor flame retardancy. In this work, poly(butylene succinate)/diethylphosphinate (PBS/AlPi) composites were fabricated to investigate the effect of AlPi on their thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties. It was found that the high content of AlPi decreased the thermal stability of PBS, and the decrease became stronger under the air atmosphere. When the content of AlPi reached 25wt%, the flame retardancy was improved with limited oxygen index (LOI) of 29.5%, V0 rating in UL-94 vertical burning test, and 49.3% reduction on the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) in cone calorimeter test. Meanwhile, the addition of AlPi could improve the mechanical properties of PBS with high tensile strength and Young’s modulus, which was ascribed to the compatible effect of maleic anhydride-grafted poly(butylene succinate) (PBS-g-MA) with good filler dispersion and strong matrix-particles interaction. Thus, the AlPi was an effective flame retardant to PBS, so that PBS/AlPi composites displayed excellent flame retardancy without seriously sacrificing other comprehensive performances.

Effect of Incorporation of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Physicochemical, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Properties of Biobased and Biodegradable Blends

“…The TGA curve of PBS followed single-step degradation and decomposition of the polymer chain backbone (Figure 1B), with a T max of 394.5 • C (Table 2). A T max of 403.2 • C was reported by Wang, et al [38]. For RES, two main weight-loss stages were observed.…”

“…The TGA curve of GRA showed insignificant weight loss until 550 • C, revealing its thermal stability. In a study conducted by Wang et al [38] the DTG curve of GRA was presented, covering a temperature range from 40 to 500 • C with minimal weight loss. However, at higher temperatures, specifically from 500 to 1000 • C, the authors observed two distinct events.…”

Preparation and smoke suppression mechanism of flame‐retardant PBS composites with BNNS@DOPA

“…Phosphorus-based compounds, which exhibit high flame retardancy and low toxicity, have found wide use, [19][20][21] such as ammonium polyphosphate-based expansion systems, [22][23][24] aluminum hypophosphite and aluminum diethyl phosphonate. [25][26][27] However, flame retardants containing phosphorus often lead to a significant accumulation of heat during combustion, which causes increased smoke release. 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) has been discovered to reduce the heat of combustion by absorbing free radicals during combustion.…”

“…Researchers have shown a longstanding interest in modifying PBS to improve its flame resistance. Phosphorus‐based compounds, which exhibit high flame retardancy and low toxicity, have found wide use, 19–21 such as ammonium polyphosphate‐based expansion systems, 22–24 aluminum hypophosphite and aluminum diethyl phosphonate 25–27 . However, flame retardants containing phosphorus often lead to a significant accumulation of heat during combustion, which causes increased smoke release.…”

Dynamic Supramolecular Polymers Based on Zinc Bis(diorganophospate)s: Synthesis, Structure and Transformations in Solid State and Solutions

“…It can be expected that the dynamic feature of MDOPs should enable the exchange of monomeric units in solution and generate supramolecular copolymers MDOPs and their structural analogues with phosphinate bridging ligands have already been successfully utilized in several areas of modern materials science and engineering. For example, these types of 1D coordination polymers have been used as effective flame retardants [23][24][25][26][27][28], reinforcing fillers in polymer composites [14,[23][24][25]28,29], organogelators [30][31][32], as well as components of smart materials that change their properties under the influence of external stimulants (e.g., magnetic or electric field) [21,33,34]. One of the main obstacles to the broader use of MDOPs as materials for new technologies is the lack of information about changes in their molecular structure and morphology under the influence of temperature, solvents or other factors that may affect the durability of bridging bonds between metal centers.…”