Investigating the effect of chemical ingredient modifications on the slow cook-off violence of ammonium perchlorate solid propellants on the laboratory scale

Essel, Jonathan T.; Nelson, Andrew; Smilowitz, Laura; Henson, B. F.; Merriman, Lauren R.; Turnbaugh, David; Gray, Christopher; Shermer, Kyle B.

doi:10.1080/07370652.2019.1672831

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model can effectively predict the ignition time and ignition location of explosives [3,4]. For the combustion after ignition of the explosives, researchers have proposed a series of experimental research methods, including high-temperature and high-pressure closed-bomb experiments, hollow thermal explosion experiments, and thermal cookoff experiments [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Graham et al [12] obtained the critical pressure relief area without a violent reaction af-ter charge ignition using the equilibrium relationship between the charge combustion boost and structural pressure relief; Madsen et al [13] studied the effects of different pressure-relief hole sizes and structures on the slow cook-off response characteristics of four typical explosives; Sahin et al [14] obtained the burning rate of PBXN-109 using closed-bomb experiments, and then determined the effect of the pressure-relief area on the peak pressure increase of the charge based on the relationship between the increase in the explosive reaction product flow-rate and the peak pressure growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cook‐Off Characteristics of NTO/HMX‐Based Plastic‐Bonded Explosives in a Shaped Charge

Wang

Fang

2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In this paper, the cook-off characteristics of NTO/ HMX-based plastic-bonded explosives, here after referred to as JEO, with confined and pressure-relief structures are investigated. Firstly, a pre-ignition thermal decomposition model and a post-ignition combustion model of the explosives were established. The chemical reaction kinetics and combustion reaction parameters in the numerical model were calibrated according to a small closed-bomb experiment. The cook-off process of the explosives was then studied by numerical simulation, determining the influence of different structures on the ignition time, ignition position, and reaction intensity of a JEO charge. The cook-off of NTO/HMX-based plastic-bonded explosives with different structures was then experimentally studied, obtaining the temperature curve of each explosive, the deformation of the shell and liner, the macro-reaction phenomena when the charge was ignited and the residue state after the reaction, which verified the validity of the numerical simulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cook‐Off Characteristics of NTO/HMX‐Based Plastic‐Bonded Explosives in a Shaped Charge

Wang

Fang

2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…So, the type of binder has a great influence on the slow cook-off behavior of propellant when the solid content and the kind of filler are constant [8][9][10][11]. The degradation of binder under cook-off conditions has an important influence on the combustion performance [12][13][14], the degree of thermal damage and other performance of propellants [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Block Structure of Copolyether Binder on Slow Cook‐Off Response of Composite Propellant

Zhang

Ding

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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As the typical insensitive propellants, hydroxyl‐terminal block copolyether (HTPE) and hydroxyl‐terminal block copolyether (PET) propellant all belong to copolyether propellants. The two binders of propellants have different arrangements of copolyether structure. But, the effect of copolyether structure arrangement on the slow cook‐off behavior of propellants and its possible mechanism has been unknown. So, in this paper, the slow cook‐off behaviors of HTPE and PET propellants were tested. The result showed PET propellant responded more violently than HTPE propellant. Then, the changes of mass loss, explosion heat, and combustion performance of propellants during the cook‐off test were studied. Combined with the slow cook‐off behavior of AP and binders, the mechanism of block structure effect on slow cook‐off response of propellant was proposed. It expressed that, the binders of HTPE and PET propellant all degraded into liquid products due to the copolyether structure; but the block structure has a significant effect on the chain scission process of copolyether binder, which makes slight degradation and the mild response to slow cook‐off for HTPE propellant. While the binder of PET propellant with the random structure degraded seriously, making more mass loss, bigger explosion heat, and worse combustion performance, the PET propellant responds violently to slow cook‐off.

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“…According to the European and international agendas, green propellants (namely, environmentally friendly propellants to minimize those negative impacts) have become a top priority for sustainable developments and future use (Wingborg and Calabro, 2017). Furthermore, ammonium perchlorate behaves as an explosive (Essel et al, 2019), so that it is carefully handled to ensure our safety from explosion and its toxicity (Aggarwal et al, 2015). For aforementioned reasons, many research groups have been exploring an alternative green propellant, such as hybrid rocket propellants and AP-free solid propellants, to replace into the AP-based propellant (e.g., Nagata et al, 1997;Sabourin et al, 2008;Sundaram et al, 2014;Sinditskii and Egorshev, 2008;Abd-Elghany et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of burning characteristics of porous combustible soaked in liquid oxidizer

Matsugi

Hasebe

Yamazaki

et al. 2021

JTST

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Experimental investigations of burning characteristics of a tested specimen consisting of a polyethylene foam soaked in 100 wt% hydrogen peroxide are made. All experiments are carried out in a large volume chamber, which newly introduced in our previous work at an initial pressure range from p = 0.1 to p = 0.35 MPa in absolute with various fuel porosity range from ε = 0.6 to ε = 0.9, which corresponds to global equivalence ratios from ϕ = 0.51 to ϕ = 3.8. Temperature measurements using an R-type thermocouple embedded into the specimen are then conducted to investigate thermal structure (e.g., profiles of temperature and temperature gradients and burning surface temperature) of the burning specimen for deep understandings of the burning process. Following forced ignition at top surface of the specimen, steady successive-burning process is successfully observed for all conditions studied in this work. Burning rates (a rate at which the top surface moves downward) are measured by carefully tracking the top surface of the specimen by adopting an image processing software. Findings show that overall burning rates at the rate from 1 to 3.2 mm/s are obtained and influenced by pressure and the fuel porosity. Additionally, results of the direct temperature measurements reveal that the temperature gradient in the gas-phase layer near the top surface (burning surface) of the specimen increases as pressure increases, resulting in an increase in the overall burning rate. The top surface temperature and its pressure dependency, and a global activation energy at the top surface temperature of the specimen are experimentally measured accordingly.

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Investigating the effect of chemical ingredient modifications on the slow cook-off violence of ammonium perchlorate solid propellants on the laboratory scale

Abstract: Gray & Kyle B. Shermer (2020) Investigating the effect of chemical ingredient modifications on the slow cook-off violence of ammonium perchlorate solid propellants on the laboratory scale,

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Cook‐Off Characteristics of NTO/HMX‐Based Plastic‐Bonded Explosives in a Shaped Charge

Cook‐Off Characteristics of NTO/HMX‐Based Plastic‐Bonded Explosives in a Shaped Charge

Effect of Block Structure of Copolyether Binder on Slow Cook‐Off Response of Composite Propellant

Experimental investigation of burning characteristics of porous combustible soaked in liquid oxidizer

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