Investigating the Effect of Intake Manifold Size on the Transient Response of Single Cylinder Turbocharged Engines

Buchman, Michael R.; Winter, Amos G.

doi:10.4271/2017-24-0170

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Turbocharging is the most common forced induction method, but the exhaust pressure pulse of the single-cylinder engine may cause the variable pressure ratio problem [14,15]. Furthermore, achieving the design goals, i.e., 'torque response time of typical operating conditions is not higher than 0.2 s' and 'high torque range is not lower than 50% of the full engine speed range', is difficult for a turbocharged engine [16].…”

Section: Supercharging Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New-Concept Supercharged Single-Cylinder Engine for Race Car

Song

Yang

et al. 2020

Energies

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This article summarises the development and experience of the Formula Student race car engine from 2018. According to the technical rules of Formula Student after the change in 2017, this engine adopts a new design concept, employs a 690-mL single-cylinder engine as the base, and applies ‘response enhancement technology’ with supercharging as the core to achieve a high-power output, a wide high-torque range and an excellent response capability. During the development, various studies on the dynamic performance of the vehicle and the engine were conducted, including vehicle dynamics analysis and track simulation, parameter matching of the supercharger and the engine, control strategy design, and the intake and exhaust system design. This research builds a supercharger air flow and efficiency test bench and an engine performance test bench. Test results show that the developed engine can output 122% of the original power and 120% of the original torque with a 20-mm diameter intake restrictor. Compared with previous generation race cars with a turbocharged four-cylinder engine, the new race car‘s 0–100 km/h acceleration time is shortened by 0.2 s, the torque response time under typical condition is shortened by 80%, and the lap time of the integrated circuit is reduced by 7%.

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Section: Supercharging Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New-Concept Supercharged Single-Cylinder Engine for Race Car

Song

Yang

et al. 2020

Energies

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“…[8][9][10] This is due to the intermittent exhaust gas flow into the turbine and the phase lag between the intake and the exhaust strokes. 6,[11][12][13] In a single-cylinder engine, the intake valve remains closed when the exhaust gases spin the turbine and the compressor is driven. When the intake valve is open, there is no exhaust energy to spin the turbine and the compressor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the intake valve is open, there is no exhaust energy to spin the turbine and the compressor. 6,[11][12][13] Hence, turbocharging the single-cylinder engine remains technically challenging, and few research attempts have been made so far. [8][9][10] Boosting the single-cylinder engine with a standalone supercharger improves the brake power output but at the expense of higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel layout to charge a single cylinder diesel engine using supercharging and impulse turbo-compounding

Ramkumar

Krishnasamy

Ramesh

2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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The benefits of turbocharged internal combustion engines are well established in the literature and mass production. Despite the numerous advantages of turbocharging, commercial single-cylinder engines are generally not turbocharged. This is due to intermittent exhaust gas flow to the turbine, typical for a single-cylinder engine. The current work proposes a novel layout wherein a supercharger boosts the engine to reap the benefits of charging the single-cylinder engine. An impulse turbine salvages part of the exhaust energy from the pulsated flow. A one-dimensional simulation study of the novel supercharged and turbo-compounded single-cylinder engine was carried out, and critical parameters of an impulse turbine were designed. CFD simulation study was carried out to validate the performance of the impulse turbine and the novel layout. This study modified a light-duty naturally aspirated (NA) diesel engine currently in mass production into the supercharged version. A positive displacement supercharger was mechanically coupled to the base NA engine with a suitable belt drive, and steady-state experiments were performed with NA and supercharged versions. One-dimensional AVL boost simulation models were validated for the NA and supercharged engines for brake power, air flow rate and BSFC within a 3% deviation. Nozzles of varying exit diameters were employed at the exhaust pipe. One-dimensional simulations were conducted to predict the supercharged engine performance and the kinetic energy rate available at the exhaust nozzle exit. An optimal nozzle exit diameter was chosen. Base calculations for the impulse turbine were performed with the output from the 1D simulation tool to design the critical features of the blade and the power turbine. The designed impulse turbine was further simulated using a commercially available CFD simulation tool, CONVERGE. CFD results showed that the impulse turbine generated about 1.55 kW of power, equivalent to 39% turbine efficiency. Experimental analysis was conducted on the supercharged engine with the optimal nozzle and the simulated impulse turbine. Results showed significantly improved engine performance with the supercharged and impulse turbine compounded version compared to the base NA version. The brake power output and brake thermal efficiency increased by 34% and 3.8%, respectively. Soot and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were 80% lower, while unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were 45% lower. However, NOx emissions were 60% higher, which can be curtailed by established NOx reduction strategies. Thus, the proposed method of employing a supercharger and compounding an impulse turbine for a single-cylinder diesel engine proved beneficial with improved performance, reduced brake specific fuel consumption and reduced emissions except for NOx.

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“…This is a typical problem encountered while turbocharging single-cylinder engines using exhaust gas pulses. 9,10 Conventionally, an automotive turbocharger is closely coupled to the engine as the exhaust manifold is designed to be as short as possible in such a way that the kinetic energy of the exhaust gases leaving the exhaust port is not lost. 11 Hence, the turbocharger turbine experiences a sudden surge in the exhaust gas flow during the blowdown process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, a large plenum volume was incorporated in the intake manifold at the compressor outlet. [7][8][9][10] A plenum volume of around five to six times the engine displacement was required to increase the power output. However, the pulsated flow of exhaust gases in the turbine would still cause the speed of the turbocharger to fluctuate, 14,15 reducing the compressor and the turbine efficiencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method to overcome the shortcomings of turbocharging a single cylinder diesel engine

Ramkumar

Krishnasamy

Ramesh

2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Single-cylinder diesel engines are generally not turbocharged because of highly pulsating exhaust gas flow, resulting in increased speed fluctuations and reduced turbine performance. In the present work, a novel and simple method is proposed wherein an exhaust plenum is placed before the turbine to reduce the flow fluctuations. A production light-duty naturally aspirated (NA) diesel engine modified into the turbocharged version was incorporated with an exhaust plenum. Steady-state experiments were performed with the base naturally aspirated engine, the turbocharged version without an exhaust plenum (conventional pulse turbocharging), and the turbocharged version with the exhaust plenum. The present work attempts to establish the limitations of conventional pulse turbocharging in a single-cylinder diesel engine unavailable in the existing literature. Though the conventional pulse turbocharged version could deliver a boost pressure of about 2 bar (absolute), a brake power reduction of 40% and the associated drop in brake mean effective pressure was observed compared to the base NA engine due to high exhaust back pressures. The pumping work was four times higher in conventional pulse turbocharging than the NA engine, thus reducing the performance. After validating the simulation models, a one-dimensional simulation tool was used to evaluate the effect of incorporating exhaust plenum before the turbine. Simulated results predicted the brake power output within a 3% error for the NA and plenum turbocharging configurations. An optimal plenum volume was arrived at using the validated simulation model. Subsequent experiments on the turbocharged engine with the plenum in place showed a significant improvement in the engine performance and reduced exhaust emissions compared to the NA version. Brake power output was enhanced by 25%, which indicated improved thermal efficiency of 2%. Compared to the NA version, the soot, carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon HC emissions were reduced by 93%, 88%, and 53%, respectively. However, an increase in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions was seen, which can be controlled with suitable mitigation methods taking advantage of the significantly lower soot levels. Thus, the proposed method of placing an exhaust plenum before the turbine makes turbocharging viable on single-cylinder diesel engines with performance improvement and emission reduction when suitable NOx mitigation measures are adopted.

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Investigating the Effect of Intake Manifold Size on the Transient Response of Single Cylinder Turbocharged Engines

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Development of a New-Concept Supercharged Single-Cylinder Engine for Race Car

Development of a New-Concept Supercharged Single-Cylinder Engine for Race Car

A novel layout to charge a single cylinder diesel engine using supercharging and impulse turbo-compounding

A novel method to overcome the shortcomings of turbocharging a single cylinder diesel engine

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