Investigating the Effect of Several Parameters on the Gelation Behavior of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide–Hexamine–Hydroquinone Gels

Yadav, Upendra Singh; Mahto, Vikas

doi:10.1021/ie400488a

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Water control is a key issue in most of hydrocarbon reservoirs (Liu et al 2010;Salehi et al 2014;Yadav and Mahto 2013a). Polymer gels are widely used to control water production by blocking the high-permeability zones in heterogeneous mature reservoirs and then diverting the water to the low-permeability zones during enhanced oil recovery operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of polyacrylamide graft starch/clay nanocomposite hydrogel system for enhanced oil recovery

Singh

Mahto

2017

Pet. Sci.

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In this paper the suitability of a graft polymer nanocomposite hydrogel system for enhanced oil recovery was examined using polyacrylamide graft starch/clay nanocomposite (a laboratory synthesized product) and chromium (III) acetate (crosslinker). X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to reveal the laboratory synthesized product as a nanocomposite. The effects of various parameters like salt concentration, pH, temperature, polymer concentration and crosslinker concentration on the properties of the developed gel system were systematically evaluated. The thermal stability of the nanocomposite gel and the conventional gel system were also determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The graft polymer nanocomposite gel system exhibited acceptable gel strength, gelation time and gel stability compared with the conventional gel system. The nanocomposite gels prepared using a low crosslinker concentration showed higher gel strength and required longer gelation time than the conventional gel which is more desirable properties for the effective placement of gel during enhanced oil recovery operations. In addition, sand pack flooding experiments show that the graft polymer nanocomposite gels had better plugging capacity than the conventional gel systems under reservoir conditions. Hence, this gel system may be suitable in the water shutoff treatments required for enhanced oil recovery from oilfields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of polyacrylamide graft starch/clay nanocomposite hydrogel system for enhanced oil recovery

Singh

Mahto

2017

Pet. Sci.

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“…8,9 The use of steam foam, phenolic resin, and superfine cement has been reported. 10,11 However, the effect of steam foam is limited due to the poor foam stability. Although the phenolic resin can be cross-linked at the formation temperature and turn to be a rigid plug, it is too expensive for large-scale applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐temperature‐resistant polymer gel system with metal–organic mixed cross‐linking agents

Zhang

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A high‐temperature (200°C)‐resistant polymer gel system was developed from partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), chromium lactate (CrL), and water‐soluble phenol/formaldehyde resin (WPF) mixed cross‐linkers. Rheological measurements indicated that the gelation process of the gel system could be divided into four successive steps: induction, first cross‐linking with metal cross‐linker, secondary cross‐linking with organic cross‐linker, and stabilization. Effects of various parameters that affect the gelation time and gel strength including polymer concentration, cross‐linker concentration, salinity, pH, and the gelation temperature were evaluated. Gelant formulated with 0.5 wt % HPAM, 0.1 wt % CrL, and 0.9 wt % WPF and treated at 80°C for 48 h showed sufficient gelation time, high rigidity, and good thermal stability. Morphology observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the gel had compact network microstructure. A cross‐linking mechanism for the gel system was proposed based on the gelation process and experimental results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42261.

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“…In previous studies, the gelation behavior of resorcinol-hexamethylenetetramine-HPAM gel was evaluated by studying the effects of component concentration and other influencing parameters such as salinity, temperature and pH on bulk gelation, which can contribute to screening and optimizing the gel formulation before attempting field treatment (Sengupta et al 2012;Yadav and Mahto 2013). However, during polymer gel treatments, the treatment efficiency is not satisfactory as expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Gelation Behavior and Morphology of Resorcinol–Hexamethylenetetramine–HPAM Gel in Bulk and Porous Media

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Transp Porous Med

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Polymer gel treatment is a proven cost-effective method to control excessive water production and improve sweep efficiency in many mature oilfields; however, it is worth noting that there exist differences between gelation behavior and morphology in bulk and porous media, which are directly related to the success of a gel treatment. In this study, the gelation behavior and morphology of resorcinol-hexamethylenetetramine-HPAM gel in bulk and porous media were studied. Results revealed that the differences between the gelation time and morphology in bulk and porous media were obvious. The relationship between bulk gelation time and static gelation time in porous media was correlated. Dynamic gelation behavior in porous media confirmed that the gelation could occur during flow in porous media and the gelation location can be inferred to determine gel placement. This study could provide the basis for determining well shutoff time and understanding the blocking mechanism in porous media.

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Investigating the Effect of Several Parameters on the Gelation Behavior of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide–Hexamine–Hydroquinone Gels

Cited by 39 publications

References 31 publications

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of polyacrylamide graft starch/clay nanocomposite hydrogel system for enhanced oil recovery

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of polyacrylamide graft starch/clay nanocomposite hydrogel system for enhanced oil recovery

High‐temperature‐resistant polymer gel system with metal–organic mixed cross‐linking agents

Comparison of Gelation Behavior and Morphology of Resorcinol–Hexamethylenetetramine–HPAM Gel in Bulk and Porous Media

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