Investigating the effect of sulphurization on volatility of compositions in Cu-poor and Sn-rich CZTS thin films

Vishwakarma, Manoj; Agrawal, Khushboo; Hadermann, Joke; Mehta, B. R.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.145043

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…XPS spectra binding energies were corrected using the C1s standard peak at 284.6 eV. [ 36 ] The deconvolution and peak fitting were carried out using the software “ XPSPEAK41 ”. The FWHM is kept constant during the peak fitting for each of the doublets of a core spectrum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FWHM is kept constant during the peak fitting for each of the doublets of a core spectrum. [ 36 ] Low magnification scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was performed using a Thermo Fisher Osiris microscope operated at 200kV equipped with a Super‐X detector. The specimen for the TEM study was prepared using the focused ion beam (FIB) technique, on a gold support.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of the HOPG is observed to be ≈25 mV. [ 36 ] Hence the work function of the KPFM tip is ≈4.83 eV. The KPFM data is analyzed using WSxM 4.0 β 8.4 software.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where Φ Sample and Φ tip are the work functions of the sample and KPFM tip, respectively. [36] The positive and negative signs indicate the bias is applied to the sample and tip, respectively.…”

Section: Sample Tipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the Hydrogen Evolution Properties of Kesterite Absorber by Si‐Doping in the Surface of CZTS Thin Film

Vishwakarma

Kumar

Hendrickx

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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In this work, the effects of Si‐doping in Cu2ZnSnS4 are examined computationally and experimentally. The density functional theory calculations show that an increasing concentration of Si (from x = 0 to x = 1) yields a band gap rise due to shifting of the conduction band minimum towards higher energy states in the Cu2Zn(Sn1−xSix)S4. CZTSiS thin film prepared by co‐sputtering process shows Cu2Zn(Sn1−xSix)S4 (Si‐rich) and Cu2ZnSnS4 (S‐rich) kesterite phases on the surface and in the bulk of the sample, respectively. A significant change in surface electronic properties is observed in CZTSiS thin film. Si‐doping in CZTS inverts the band bending at grain‐boundaries from downward to upward and the Fermi level of CZTSiS shifts upward. Further, the coating of the CdS and ZnO layer improves the photocurrent to ≈5.57 mA cm−2 at −0.41 VRHE in the CZTSiS/CdS/ZnO sample, which is 2.39 times higher than that of pure CZTS. The flat band potential increases from CZTS ≈0.43 VRHE to CZTSiS/CdS/ZnO ≈1.31 VRHE indicating the faster carrier separation process at the electrode–electrolyte interface in the latter sample. CdS/ZnO layers over CZTSiS significantly reduce the charge transfer resistance at the semiconductor–electrolyte interface.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of the HOPG is observed to be ≈25 mV. [ 36 ] Hence the work function of the KPFM tip is ≈4.83 eV. The KPFM data is analyzed using WSxM 4.0 β 8.4 software.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Tipmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Enhancing the Hydrogen Evolution Properties of Kesterite Absorber by Si‐Doping in the Surface of CZTS Thin Film

Vishwakarma

Kumar

Hendrickx

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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“…However, the current work enables the incorporation of S at chemical level, avoiding the sulphurization stage and the premature S volatilization, permitting an effective incorporation in the structure of CZTS. Such procedure, allows to evaluate the volatility of Sn with respect to other components and the subsequent understanding of how hydrothermal synthesis route affect the electrical behavior of samples, in accordance with Vishwakarma et al 36 .…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysesmentioning

confidence: 62%

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cu2ZnSnS4 for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2021

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The research focused on the hydrothermal synthesis of a material based on a Kesterite structure of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS). For this purpose, the component cations, in concentrations of 1.0 molL -1 , were placed in a steel autoclave under different temperatures conditions (200, 220, 240, 260 and 280°C) for 32 h. After, the solids were calcined at 400°C for 2 h. UV-VIS results showed that materials had a strong tendency to absorb in the region of 600-800 nm, with band-gap around 1.54 eV. XRD and Raman confirmed a structure with tetragonal geometry, preferably oriented along the (112) facet, as well as low frequency vibrational and rotational modes typical of CZTS. TEM showed nanometric crystallites (≈41.6). XPS showed the Cu 2+ , Sn 4+ , Zn 2+ and S 4species in correspondence with its main oxidation states. The electrical analysis, allowed to evaluate the behavior under load conditions, suggesting a potential use these materials for photovoltaic applications.

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Role of triethanolamine in forming Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanoparticles during solvothermal processing for solar cell applications

Al‒Hadeethi

Mkawi

Al‐Hartomy

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Herein, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles were synthesized utilizing different amounts of triethanolamine (TEA) (2, 3, 4, and 5 mg/mL) via a simple solvothermal method. The TEA concentration's influence on the structure, phase formation, morphology, and composition of the CZTS nanoparticles was studied using various experimental techniques. XRD and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicated that the obtained product consisted of single‐phase CZTS nanoparticles with a kesterite structure and average crystal size of 33 to 43 nm; no secondary phases were detected. The TEM analysis revealed the powder nature of the nanoparticles and confirmed their crystallinity. The Zn‐rich and Cu‐poor composition and high sample purity were detected using EDX and confirmed by XPS analysis. The nanoparticles' energy band was between 1.54 and 1.75 eV, and their absorption coefficient exceeded 104 cm−1 in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. FE‐SEM of the CZTS nanoparticles‐based thin film revealed its compact, smooth, and uniform morphology with no voids or cracks; the thin film was covered with grains approximately 3 μm in size. A devices with an SLG/Mo/CZTS/CdS/i‐ZnO/Al:ZnO/Al structure were fabricated using CZTS particles synthesized with a TEA concentration of 5 mg/mL, and the best device demonstrated a solar conversion efficiency of 4.33%.

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Investigating the effect of sulphurization on volatility of compositions in Cu-poor and Sn-rich CZTS thin films

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Enhancing the Hydrogen Evolution Properties of Kesterite Absorber by Si‐Doping in the Surface of CZTS Thin Film

Enhancing the Hydrogen Evolution Properties of Kesterite Absorber by Si‐Doping in the Surface of CZTS Thin Film

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cu2ZnSnS4 for Photovoltaic Applications

Role of triethanolamine in forming Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanoparticles during solvothermal processing for solar cell applications

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Investigating the effect of sulphurization on volatility of compositions in Cu-poor and Sn-rich CZTS thin films

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Enhancing the Hydrogen Evolution Properties of Kesterite Absorber by Si‐Doping in the Surface of CZTS Thin Film

Enhancing the Hydrogen Evolution Properties of Kesterite Absorber by Si‐Doping in the Surface of CZTS Thin Film

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cu2ZnSnS4 for Photovoltaic Applications

Role of triethanolamine in forming Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 nanoparticles during solvothermal processing for solar cell applications

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Role of triethanolamine in forming Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanoparticles during solvothermal processing for solar cell applications