Investigating the Effects of Stove Emissions on Ocular and Cancer Cells

Abstract

More than a third of the world’s population relies on solid fuels for cooking and heating, with major health consequences. Although solid fuel combustion emissions are known to increase the prevalence of illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, however, their effect on the eyes is underexplored. This study assesses the acute toxicity of solid fuel combustion emissions on healthy ocular cells and a cancer cell line. Three healthy ocular cell lines (corneal, lens, and retinal epithelial cells) and a cancer cell line (Chinese hamster ovary cells) were exposed to liquid and gas phase emissions from applewood and coal combustion. Following the exposure, real-time cell attachment behavior was monitored for at least 120 hours with electrical cell impedance spectroscopy. The viability of the cells, amount of apoptotic cells, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified with MTT, ApoTox-Glo, and ROS-Glo H2O2 assays, respectively. The results showed that coal emissions compromised the viability of ocular cells more than applewood emissions. Interestingly, the cancer cells, although their viability was not compromised, generated 1.7 to 2.7 times more ROS than healthy cells. This acute exposure study provides compelling proof that biomass combustion emissions compromise the viability of ocular cells and increase ROS generation. The increased ROS generation was fatal for ocular cells, but it promoted the growth of cancer cells.

Impact of airborne particulate matter on skin: a systematic review from epidemiology to in vitro studies

“…Oxidative stress can lead to the activation of programmed cell death, i.e., apoptosis [220]. Protein levels of CCAATenhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), a transcription factor that mediates ER-stress induced apoptosis [221] and endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (GRP78), a key element in normal ER function [222], were determined to be upregulated by PM 2.5 [123,168,175].…”

Long-term solid fuel use and risks of major eye diseases in China: A population-based cohort study of 486,532 adults

“…Despite recent improvements, household air pollution still affects about a half of the world's population, including 452 million in China and 846 million in India [1]. Among the many human organs that could be affected by household air pollution, the eyes are exposed directly to high levels of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and carbon monoxide [2]. Not surprisingly, eye problems (e.g., eye pain, tearing, and redness) are some of the most commonly reported symptoms linked to household air pollution exposure [2][3][4].…”

“…Among the many human organs that could be affected by household air pollution, the eyes are exposed directly to high levels of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and carbon monoxide [2]. Not surprisingly, eye problems (e.g., eye pain, tearing, and redness) are some of the most commonly reported symptoms linked to household air pollution exposure [2][3][4]. Although these symptoms are temporary, prolonged exposure may result in major vision impairment or blindness, which could substantially undermine the productivity and quality of life of the sufferers and their families [5,6].…”

Исследование Влияния Некоторых Факторов На Степень Электризации Диэлектриков

“…Если в дальнейшем не принимать необходимых мер, то процессы индустриализации приведут к быстрому истощению и исчезновению биологических ресурсов. В этом главную роль сыграет загрязнение атмосферного воздуха [3]. Характеристика частиц пыли при загрязнении в реальных условиях эксплуатации могут быть полезны для выбора подходящих методов очистки [4].…”

“…вольт); -имеют ограниченное применение при очистке взрывоопасных газов; -громоздкие и металлоемкие. В связи с этим целью данной работы является изучение свойств различных диэлектриков которые могут быть использованы в качестве электродов и установлены в трибоэлектростатическом фильтре [3]. Такой фильтр не нуждается в высоковольтном источнике питания, так как электрическое поле на поверхности осадительных электродов возникает вследствие трения двух разнородных тел.…”