Investigating the genome diversity of B. cereus and evolutionary aspects of B. anthracis emergence

Papazisi, L.; Rasko, David A.; Ratnayake, Shashikala; Bock, Geoff R.; Remortel, Brian G.; Appalla, Lakshmi; Liu, Jia; Dracheva, Tatiana; Braisted, John C.; Shallom, Shamira; Jarrahi, Behnam; Snesrud, Erik; Ahn, Susie; Sun, Qiang; Rilstone, Jennifer; Økstad, Ole Andreas; Kolstø, Anne‐Brit; Fleischmann, Robert; Peterson, Scott N.

doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2011.03.008

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…The great homogeneity of B. anthracis in the natural environment may be the result of the organism spending the majority of its life as a dormant spore (62). In this particular state, B. anthracis is not exposed to DNA-altering events such as the presence of phages and constant replication of DNA (59,61); this considerably limits the amount of genetic diversity found among isolates of this species (62) compared with B. cereus, which more commonly exists in the environment as vegetative cells (63). Regarding the markers highlighted in this study, ϳ5 distinct B. cereus proteoforms exist on average for a given protein versus a single B. anthracis proteoform (supplementary Table S6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Validation of Specific Markers of Bacillus anthracis Spores by Proteomics and Genomics Approaches

Chenau

Fenaille

Caro

et al. 2014

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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Bacillus anthracis is the causative bacteria of anthrax, an acute and often fatal disease in humans. The infectious agent, the spore, represents a real bioterrorism threat and its specific identification is crucial. However, because of the high genomic relatedness within the Bacillus cereus group, it is still a real challenge to identify B. anthracis spores confidently. Mass spectrometry-based tools represent a powerful approach to the efficient discovery and identification of such protein markers. Here we undertook comparative proteomics analyses of Bacillus anthracis, cereus and thuringiensis spores to identify proteoforms unique to B. anthracis. The marker discovery pipeline developed combined peptide-and protein-centric approaches using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry experiments using a high resolution/ high mass accuracy LTQ-Orbitrap instrument. By combining these data with those from complementary bioinformatics approaches, we were able to highlight a dozen novel proteins consistently observed across all the investigated B. anthracis spores while being absent in B. cereus/ thuringiensis spores. To further demonstrate the relevance of these markers and their strict specificity to B. anthracis, the number of strains studied was extended to 55, by including closely related strains such as B. thuringiensis 9727, and above all the B. cereus biovar anthracis CI, CA strains that possess pXO1-and pXO2-like plasmids. Under these conditions, the combination of proteomics and genomics approaches confirms the pertinence of 11 markers. Genes encoding these 11 markers are located on the chromosome, which provides additional targets complementary to the commonly used plasmid-encoded markers. Last but not least, we also report the development of a targeted liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method involving the selection reaction monitoring mode for the monitoring of the 4 most suitable protein markers. Within a proof-ofconcept study, we demonstrate the value of this approach for the further high throughput and specific detection of B. anthracis spores within complex samples. Molecular

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Validation of Specific Markers of Bacillus anthracis Spores by Proteomics and Genomics Approaches

Chenau

Fenaille

Caro

et al. 2014

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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“…Phylogenetic studies have shown that the B. cereus group of species is actually a single species, although the nomenclature does not reflect this (61). B. cereus G9241 occurs earlier on a phylogenetic tree of the B. cereus group than B. anthracis (62), yet the genes involved in anthrax disease are carried by extrachromosomal plasmids, which play an important role in Bacillus diversity and allow for horizontal gene transfer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certhrax Toxin, an Anthrax-related ADP-ribosyltransferase from Bacillus cereus

Visschedyk

Rochon

Tempel

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Cethrax toxin from B. cereus inactivates mammalian cells through cytoplasmic ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Results: The crystal structure of Certhrax reveals that it has two domains, one that binds protective antigen and another that has ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Conclusion: Good inhibitors against the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity have been developed. Significance: Certhrax may be an important virulence factor in B. cereus pathogenesis.

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“…The huge amount of genetic information from recent and ongoing Bacillus sequencing projects makes it feasible to design high-density whole genome microarrays to gain in-depth insights into genetic footprints of strains. For instance, Papazisi et al (2011) used a multi-genome DNA array to study the genomic diversity of B. cereus s.l. and evolutionary traits of B. anthracis .…”

Section: Third Generation Sequencing For Next Generation Diagnostics?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus “next generation” diagnostics: moving from detection toward subtyping and risk-related strain profiling

Ehling‐Schulz¹,

Messelhäußer²

2013

Front. Microbiol.

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The highly heterogeneous genus Bacillus comprises the largest species group of endospore forming bacteria. Because of their ubiquitous nature, Bacillus spores can enter food production at several stages resulting in significant economic losses and posing a potential risk to consumers due the capacity of certain Bacillus strains for toxin production. In the past, food microbiological diagnostics was focused on the determination of species using conventional culture-based methods, which are still widely used. However, due to the extreme intra-species diversity found in the genus Bacillus, DNA-based identification and typing methods are gaining increasing importance in routine diagnostics. Several studies showed that certain characteristics are rather strain-dependent than species-specific. Therefore, the challenge for current and future Bacillus diagnostics is not only the efficient and accurate identification on species level but also the development of rapid methods to identify strains with specific characteristics (such as stress resistance or spoilage potential), trace contamination sources, and last but not least discriminate potential hazardous strains from non-toxic strains.

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Investigating the genome diversity of B. cereus and evolutionary aspects of B. anthracis emergence

Cited by 28 publications

References 93 publications

Identification and Validation of Specific Markers of Bacillus anthracis Spores by Proteomics and Genomics Approaches

Identification and Validation of Specific Markers of Bacillus anthracis Spores by Proteomics and Genomics Approaches

Certhrax Toxin, an Anthrax-related ADP-ribosyltransferase from Bacillus cereus

Bacillus “next generation” diagnostics: moving from detection toward subtyping and risk-related strain profiling

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