“…Approaches for students to learn multiplication have been widely modelled, scaffolded and discussed. As a result there are many research studies on multiplication with different foci such as array representation (Barmby, Harries, Higgins, & Suggate, 2009;Young-Loveridge, 2005), classroom-based studies and rectangular areas which done by Izsák (2004), understanding among prospective teachers (Lo, Grant & Flowers, 2008;Thanheiser, 2010;Whitacre & Nickerson, 2016). An array is a rectangular arrangement of discrete objects in rows and columns.…”