Investigating the Nasal Cycle Using Endoscopy, Rhinoresistometry, and Acoustic Rhinometry

Abstract

Rhinoresistometry and acoustic rhinometry complement each other. The combination of the two methods provides insight into the functional changes during the nasal cycle and into nasal physiology in general. The authors therefore advocate a combination of the two methods for functional evaluation of the nasal airway.

Nasal Cycle Pattern Can Transform Into Another Form Over Time

“…The presence of the nasal cycle has been shown by using different methods in many studies since it was firstly described (1,(3)(4)(5). Rhinomanometry is considered to be gold standard for objective measurement of nasal airflow (6).…”

“…There are certain methods and instruments which have been used to detect the nasal cycle; rhinoscopy, congestion scoring, mirror fog tests, optical instruments, magnetic resonance imaging, acoustic rhinometry, rhinoresistometry, and rhinomanometry (RMM) (1,(3)(4)(5). Rhinomanometry is a well-established technique used for measurement of nasal patency in terms of nasal airflow and resistance to airflow (6).…”

Válvula nasal: anatomia e fisiologia

“…Lang et al 19 reported the presence of erectile tissue on the nasal cavity floor, in the pyriform orifice region, which contributes to airflow resistance in this site.…”

Rinometria acústica: correlação anatômica dos dois primeiros entalhes encontrados no rinograma

“…NV ( Figure 2A) is anteriorly marked by the ostium internum, an orifice whose pear-shaped format, visualized under anterior rhinoscopy, is laterally limited by the inferior border of lateral superior cartilage, medially to the nasal septum and inferiorly to the floor of the nasal cavity, located 1 to 1.5cm from the nostril 5 . NV encompasses more posteriorly the pyriform orifice, floor of the nasal fossa, which presents erectile tissue on the region 6 , nasal septum cavernous body, and head of inferior nasal concha, which goes through the pyriform orifice (0.3cm in normal subjects, and after decongestion with nasal topical vasoconstrictor, it comes to its limit). These structures form the second segment of NV are called isthmus nasi and are located 1.65 to 2.65 cm from the nostril 5 .…”

“…However, in the literature, we find disagreeing opinions about their anatomical correlation. The area of transversal section of the first notch (AST1) would be the nasal valve 7 , "isthmus nasi" 6,8,9 , "ostium internum" 10 , an area close to NV 11 , the junction of the nasal adapter and the nostril 12 or the junction of nasal adapter and "isthmus nasi" 13 . The area of transversal section of the second notch (AST2) would refer to the head of the inferior nasal concha (CNI) [7][8][9][10]14,15 or to NV 12,13 .…”