Investigating the nitrogen dioxide concentrations in the boundary layer by using multi-axis spectroscopic measurements and comparison with satellite observations

Khokhar, Muhammad Fahim; Nisar, Munazza; Noreen, Asma; Khan, Waseem Razzaq; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman

doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7907-3

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The results of the study showed that political stability has a significant positive impact on the stock market in both the short and long run. Our results are similar with the findings of [ 28 ] that investigated the impact of political instability on the stock market in Pakistan using monthly data from 2000 to 2016. The study used the ARDL approach to examine the long-run and short-run relationship between political instability and the stock market.…”

Section: Findings and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The relationship between political instability and stock market performance: An analysis of the MSCI index in the case of Pakistan

Mai,

Nawaz Saleem,

Kamran

2023

PLoS ONE

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The stock market is the barometer of the economy that reflects the overall health and direction of the economic development and is affected by different factors including social, environmental and political. It is important to investigate the effect of the political instability on the stock market performance, especially on emerging economies. Therefore, we aim to study the relationship between political instability and stock market performance in Pakistan. To meet our objectives, we used past data from 1996 to 2021. Data are collected from the DataStream data base. MSCI indices are used as the proxy for the Stock market performance of the selected country. World governance six indicators are used in the study as the explanatory variable concentrating the political instability index as the main explanatory variable. Regression analysis is used but two-way robustness analysis was done for the accuracy of the findings through GMM methods and taking GDP as another endogenous variable. Our findings shows that the political stability has significant positive impact on the stock market performance while, political instability has negative impact on stock market performance. Moreover, other governance indicators has a significant positive impact on performance. However, political instability disrupts the operations and economical activities that leads to decrease the investor confidence and also decrease the foreign investment with the increment of the risk in the country. Moreover, our study has some implications for investors to develop the diversified portfolio to minimize the risk and policy makers can increase their foreign direct investment within the economy by controlling the political instability.

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Section: Findings and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The relationship between political instability and stock market performance: An analysis of the MSCI index in the case of Pakistan

Mai,

Nawaz Saleem,

Kamran

2023

PLoS ONE

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“…AOD is a columnar amount and speaks to the termination of light because of the presence in the air of mist concentrates, permitting AOD to be taken as an intermediary for the particulate issue at surrounding levels. A few analyses have contemplated the relationship between PM 2.5 and AOD seen by satellite utilizing fine vaporized division and have indicated a solid association with both (e.g., Kumar et al 2007 ; Singh et al 2006 ; Khokhar 2006 , 2017 ). Figure 4 shows a guide of 28 days of MODIS determined AOD and arrived at the midpoint of throughout the long-term 2017–2020.…”

Section: Computation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on environment: the case of the major cities in Pakistan

Khan

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In Wuhan city, China, a pneumonia-like disease of unknown origin triggered a catastrophe. This disease has spread to 215 nations, affecting a diverse variety of persons. It was formally called extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), also known as coronavirus disease, by the World Health Organization as a pandemic. This pandemic forced countries to enforce a socio-economic lockdown to avoid its widespread presence. This study focuses on how the pollution of particulate matter during the coronavirus pandemic in the period from 23 March 2020 to 31 December 2020 was reduced compared to the pre-pandemic situation in the country. The improvement in air quality and atmosphere due to the coronavirus pandemic in Pakistan was identified by both ground-based and satellite observations with a primary focus on the four provincial capitals and country capitals, namely, Peshawar, Karachi, Quetta, Lahore, and Islamabad, and statistically verified through paired Student’s t test. Both datasets have shown a significant decrease in the levels of PM 2.5 pollutions across Pakistan (ranging from 15 to 35% for satellite observations, while 27 to 61% for ground-based observations). The result shows that poor air quality is one of the key factors for a higher COVID-19 spread rate in major Pakistani cities. By extending the same investigation across the nation, there is a greater need to investigate the connections between COVID-19 spread and air pollution. However, both higher population density rates and frequent population exposure can be partially attributed to increased levels of PM 2.5 concentrations before the pandemic of the coronavirus.

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“…Exposure to high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide has been reported to cause damage to the respiratory system and aggravates bronchitis in some cases (Valavanidis et al, 2008;Ma et al, 2013;Khokhar et al, 2017). Furthermore, exposure to NO 2 has been considered the root cause of reduced lungs efficiency in infants (Trasande and Thurston, 2005) and exacerbating asthma among primary school children (Youssef Agha et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of NO2 Columns by Exploiting MAX-DOAS Observations and Comparison with OMI and TROPOMI Data during the Time Period of 2015–2019

Iqbal

Ahmad

Din

et al. 2022

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 )-a criteria major air pollutant, is of paramount importance due to its role in atmospheric chemistry and tropospheric ozone formation. Exposure to high concentrations of NO 2 has been reported to cause various health issues in humans. This study presents an intercomparison of NO 2 retrieval settings using the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) and based on the literature published over the last 20 years. Comparison between results of various settings, as reported in the literature, and settings used for this study show a good correlation with R 2 > 0.97. This paper also presents validation of satellite observation through ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements from September 2015 to September 2019. Daily MAX-DOAS measurements have shown a strong positive correlation of 70.75% and 77.74% with OMI and TROPOMI, respectively. The average monthly correlation for OMI and TROPOMI with MAX-DOAS is 88.39% and 91.91% respectively. The comparison of the slopes of regression plots for daily and monthly datasets of OMI and TROPOMI vs. MAX-DOAS reveals that TROPOMI data is more synonymous to MAX-DOAS than OMI data. The error analysis indicates that for TROPOMI measurements calculated biases are significantly improved in case of TROPOMI as compared to OMI measurements. It is pertinent to mention that TROPOMI measurements can capture the local NO 2 pollution much better than OMI and its predecessor instruments like GOME-2, SCIAMACHY and GOME. Seasonal trends of NO 2 column densities have shown a peak in the winter season (November-January) while lowest NO 2 column density is recorded in monsoon season.

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Investigating the nitrogen dioxide concentrations in the boundary layer by using multi-axis spectroscopic measurements and comparison with satellite observations

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

The relationship between political instability and stock market performance: An analysis of the MSCI index in the case of Pakistan

The relationship between political instability and stock market performance: An analysis of the MSCI index in the case of Pakistan

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on environment: the case of the major cities in Pakistan

Retrieval of NO2 Columns by Exploiting MAX-DOAS Observations and Comparison with OMI and TROPOMI Data during the Time Period of 2015–2019

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