Investigating the Nucleation and Growth of Electrodeposited Pt on Polycrystalline Diamond Electrodes

Bennett, Jason A.; Swain, Greg M.

doi:10.1149/1.3430501

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…12,15 The most frequently used model was developed by Scharifker and Hills (S-H) 15 and allows simple and rapid classification of experimental transients into the two limiting nucleation mechanisms-instantaneous and progressive. Even though, there have been several constraints identified with using this semi-empirical model [12][13][14][35][36][37] it is still the most widely used method for analysis of current transients 12,14,21,35,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44] and is considered by many researchers to be the standard nucleation-and-growth model .This model has been found to be appropriate for representing metal deposition in most systems, including molten salts electrolytes 15,44 where the charge transfer step is found to be fast and the rate of growth of nuclei are described by mass-transfer of electrodepositing ions to the growing centers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth of Uranium and Plutonium from Molten Salts

Tylka¹,

Willit²,

Williamson³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This work examines the nucleation and growth behavior of uranium and plutonium from molten LiCl-KCl eutectic on inert electrodes using electrochemical techniques. Current-time transients obtained from chronoamperometric experiments were compared with theoretical models to characterize the type of nucleation (progressive or instantaneous) for deposition of U and Pu, and co-deposition of U-Pu, from molten LiCl-KCl at inert electrodes. It was established that the nucleation mode of actinides present as chlorides in molten chloride salts changes from progressive to instantaneous with an increasing concentration of the trivalent actinide ions in the salt. The effect of the material of the working electrode was investigated, and it was found that changing the material from tungsten to silver improves resolvability of the nucleation peaks and allows more accurate analysis of the experimental measurements. Using the nucleation data, diffusion coefficients were obtained for U 3+ and Pu 3+ , and were found to be in very good agreement with the values obtained from other studies. The density of nuclei produced during instantaneous nucleation, the rate of nucleation for progressive nucleation, and the radius of the deposited nuclei were evaluated and examined at different overpotentials. Pyrochemical reprocessing technology represents a promising alternative to aqueous processes for separating actinides from irradiated fuel by applying electrolytic methods to the molten salt media. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Electrorefining is the main step in pyrochemical reprocessing. During this process, actinides are separated from the bulk of the fission product elements by electrotransport onto a solid or liquid cathode. Electrochemical deposition that takes place at the electrode/electrolyte interface occurs by a process of nucleation and growth and is strongly dependent on the overpotential. [8][9][10][11] Nuclei initially form at active sites of the substrate, consistent with some nucleation rate law, and then grow via the incorporation of additional ions from the electrolyte. Determination of the fundamental parameters of the nucleation and growth phenomena and a very good physical understanding of these processes are essential for improved control and efficiency of pyroprocesses.Electrochemical methods are widely used to study nucleation and growth phenomena in aqueous or molten media because the driving force of nucleation can be easily changed by varying the applied potential.12 Chronoamperometry (CA) is the most frequently used technique for quantitative analysis of the deposition process; it entails applying potential step pulses and observing the resulting currenttime transients. Immediately after applying the potential step, there is a decreasing current transient corresponding to the charging of the double layer, followed by a current due to the formation of the new phase, and an increase in the number of nuclei. As the nuclei grow, the coalescence of adjacent diffusion zones gives rise to a current maximum, followed by a decay...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth of Uranium and Plutonium from Molten Salts

Tylka¹,

Willit²,

Williamson³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Details of the electrode growing conditions have been reported previously. [14,15] The diamond working electrode was pressed against the bottom of the glass cell and a Chemraz® O-ring (Ace Glass, Inc.) was used to contain the solution and define the exposed electrode area, 0.22 cm 2 . A non-aqueous Ag/AgCl reference electrode (0.01 M AgNO 3 + 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate in acetonitrile; CH Instruments) was positioned in close proximity to the working electrode using a cracked-glass capillary filled with electrolyte solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical reduction of 3‐phenyl‐1,2‐benzisoxazole 2‐oxide on boron‐doped diamond

Kociolek

Bennett

Casbohm

2014

J of Physical Organic Chem

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aThe bioreduction of N-oxide compounds is the basis for the mode of action of a number of biologically active molecules. These compounds are thought to act by forming a reactive oxygen species through an intracellular reduction and subsequent redox cycling process within the organism. With these results in mind, the preliminary investigation into the electrochemical reduction of the benzisoxazole 2-oxide ring system was undertaken, with the thought that this class of compounds would reduce in a similar fashion to other N-oxide heterocycles. The electrochemical reduction of 3-phenyl-1,2-benzisoxazole 2-oxide on boron-doped diamond was studied using cyclic and square wave voltammetry as well as controlled potential electrolysis and HPLC for qualitative identification of the reaction products. It was found that the reduction proceeded with an initial quasi-reversible one-electron reduction followed by the very fast cleavage of either the endocyclic or exocyclic N-O bond. Subsequent electron transfer and protonation resulted in an overall two-electron reduction and formation of the 2-hydroxyaryl oxime and benzisoxazole. These results are analogous to those observed in the electrochemical reduction of other heterocyclic N-oxides albeit the reduction of the benzisoxazole N-oxides takes place at a more negative potential. However, these encouraging results warrant further investigation into the reduction potential of substituted benzisoxazole N-oxides as well as to elucidate and characterize the nature of the intermediate species involved.

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“…2, the DLS-measured particle size is larger. This different range in size can be explained by the aggregation of the MGCNs in solution [23][24][25]. http://carbonlett.org Scherrer formula, we determined the grain size [26].…”

Section: Temperature (°C)~25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of complex electrodeposited thin film with multi-layer graphene-coated metal nanoparticles

Cho¹,

Lee²,

Park³

et al. 2017

Carbon letters

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We have demonstrated the production of thin films containing multilayer graphene-coated copper nanoparticles (MGCNs) by a commercial electrodeposition method. The MGCNs were produced by electrical wire explosion, an easily applied technique for creating hybrid metal nanoparticles. The nanoparticles had average diameters of 10-120 nm and quasispherical morphologies. We made a complex-electrodeposited copper thin film (CETF) with a thickness of 4.8 µm by adding 300 ppm MGCNs to the electrolyte solution and performing electrodeposition. We measured the electric properties and performed corrosion testing of the CETF. Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the bonding characteristics and estimate the number of layers in the graphene films. The resistivity of the bare-electrodeposited copper thin film (BETF) was 2.092 × 10 -6 Ω·cm, and the resistivity of the CETF after the addition of 300 ppm MGCNs was decreased by 2% to ~2.049 × 10 -6 Ω·cm. The corrosion resistance of the BETF was 9.306 Ω, while that of the CETF was increased to 20.04 Ω. Therefore, the CETF with MGCNs can be used in interconnection circuits for printed circuit boards or semiconductor devices on the basis of its low resistivity and high corrosion resistance.

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Investigating the Nucleation and Growth of Electrodeposited Pt on Polycrystalline Diamond Electrodes

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth of Uranium and Plutonium from Molten Salts

Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth of Uranium and Plutonium from Molten Salts

Electrochemical reduction of 3‐phenyl‐1,2‐benzisoxazole 2‐oxide on boron‐doped diamond

Study of complex electrodeposited thin film with multi-layer graphene-coated metal nanoparticles

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