Investigating the origin of nonfluency in aphasia: A path modeling approach to neuropsychology

Nozari, Nazbanou; Faroqi‐Shah, Yasmeen

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.003

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…The path models were not simply used as tools for significance testing. We applied the check procedures described in Nozari & Faroqi-Shah (2017) to first assess whether the hypothesized architecture was suitable. For example, representing inhibitory control as a single latent variable represented by scores from all the inhibitory control tests assumes that inhibitory control is a unitary construct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the dependency of subject-verb agreement on inhibitory control processes in sentence production

Nozari

Omaki²

2022

Preprint

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Agreement attraction, i.e., the production or acceptance of a verb that agrees with a noun other than the subject of the sentence, can be viewed as a process in which conflicting cues activate competing representations. The aftermath of such competition, in terms of cognitive processes, remains unclear. Using a novel referential communication task for eliciting agreement errors and both group-level manipulation of control demands and a detailed analysis of individual differences, we provide converging evidence for the role of monitoring and inhibitory control processes in agreement attraction for singular-subject sentences. We further demonstrate the dependence of producing plural verbs on such processes, suggesting the singular form is the prepotent default form. Collectively, these findings provide a clear demonstration for the role of monitoring and control processes in agreement computations, and more generally syntactic operations in sentence production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the dependency of subject-verb agreement on inhibitory control processes in sentence production

Nozari

Omaki²

2022

Preprint

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“…Because the core function word measure was designed for clinical utilization, the WAB-R was used for classification of subgroups (fluent and non-fluent types of aphasia) for the main analyses, as it is one of the most popular standardized tests in clinical settings. Since it has been suggested that there is a lack of reliability in clinical judgements on fluency according to WAB-R scoring (Clough and Gordon 2020, Gordon 1998, Holland et al 1986, Nozari and Faroqi-Shah 2017, a comprehensive approach to determine subgroups of aphasia would improve our understanding of appropriateness of this measure as a clinical outcome measure. Another related limitation is that our participants with non-fluent types of aphasia fortuitously have more severe aphasia compared with their counterparts (fluent types of aphasia).…”

Section: Conclusion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a measure of function word use in narrative discourse: core lexicon analysis in aphasia

Kim

Kintz

Wright

2020

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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Background: Although discourse-level assessments contribute to predicting real-world performance in persons with aphasia (PWA), the use of discourse measures is uncommon in clinical settings due to resource-heavy procedures. Moreover, assessing function word use in discourse requires the arduous procedure of defining grammatical categories for each word in language transcripts. Aims: The purpose of this exploratory study was twofold: (1) to develop core function word lists as a clinicianfriendly means of evaluating function word use in discourse; and (2) to examine the ability of the core function word measure to differentiate PWA from cognitively healthy adults and persons with fluent aphasia from nonfluent aphasia. Methods & Procedures: The 25 most commonly used function words (core function words) were extracted from narrative language samples from 470 cognitively healthy adults, which were divided into seven age groups (20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s). The percent agreement of core function words for 11 PWA (fluent aphasia = 5; non-fluent aphasia = 6) and 11 age-and education-matched controls were then calculated. Percent agreement for the core function words produced was compared between the controls and the PWA group, and between participants with fluent aphasia and non-fluent aphasia. Outcomes & Results: The results indicated that PWA produced fewer core function words from the lists than the control group, and that core function word use was strongly correlated with aphasia severity. Persons with non-fluent aphasia produced fewer core function words than those with fluent aphasia, although this could be a confound of aphasia classification from the use of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB)-Revised. Conclusions & Implications: Core function word lists consisting of a limited number of items for quantifying function word use in discourse remain in a nascent stage of development. However, the findings are consistent with previous studies analysing the total production of function words in language samples produced by PWA. Therefore, core function words may potentially serve as a clinician-friendly manner of quantifying function words produced in discourse.

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“…This is potentially unsurprising as fluency as reflected here by the number of words produced per minute likely depends on multiple processes during language production including message generation, conceptual activation, grammatical encoding, phonological, articulatory and motor processes (cf. Nozari and Faroqi-Shah, 2017).…”

Section: Fluencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation between Frontal and Temporal-Parietal Contributions to Connected Speech in Acute Stroke

Ding

Martin

Hamilton

et al. 2019

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Humans are uniquely able to retrieve and combine words into syntactic structure to produce connected speech. Previous identification of focal brain regions necessary for production focused primarily on associations with the content produced by speakers with chronic stroke, where function may have shifted to other regions after reorganization occurred. Here, we relate patterns of brain damage with deficits to the content and structure of spontaneous connected speech in 52 speakers during the acute stage of a left hemisphere stroke. Multivariate lesion behavior mapping demonstrated that damage to temporal-parietal regions impacted the ability to retrieve words and produce them within increasingly complex combinations. Damage primarily to inferior frontal cortex affected the production of syntactically accurate structure. In contrast to previous work, functional-anatomical dissociations did not depend on lesion size likely because acute lesions were smaller than typically found in chronic stroke. These results are consistent with predictions from theoretical models based primarily on evidence from language comprehension and highlight the importance of investigating individual differences in brain-language relationships in speakers with acute stroke.

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Investigating the origin of nonfluency in aphasia: A path modeling approach to neuropsychology

Cited by 24 publications

References 104 publications

An investigation of the dependency of subject-verb agreement on inhibitory control processes in sentence production

An investigation of the dependency of subject-verb agreement on inhibitory control processes in sentence production

Development of a measure of function word use in narrative discourse: core lexicon analysis in aphasia

Dissociation between Frontal and Temporal-Parietal Contributions to Connected Speech in Acute Stroke

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