Investigating the Potential of Amnion-Based Scaffolds as a Barrier Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Guided bone regeneration is a new concept of large bone defect therapy, which employs a barrier membrane to afford a protected room for osteogenesis and prevent the invasion of fibroblasts. In this study, we developed a novel barrier membrane made from lyophilized multilayered acellular human amnion membranes (AHAM). After decellularization, the AHAM preserved the structural and biomechanical integrity of the amnion extracellular matrix (ECM). The AHAM also showed minimal toxic effects when cocultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as evidenced by high cell density, good cell viability, and efficient osteogenic differentiation after 21-day culturing. The effectiveness of the multilayered AHAM in guiding bone regeneration was evaluated using an in vivo rat tibia defect model. After 6 weeks of surgery, the multilayered AHAM showed great efficiency in acting as a shield to avoid the invasion of the fibrous tissues, stabilizing the bone grafts and inducing the massive bone growth. We hence concluded that the advantages of the lyophilized multilayered AHAM barrier membrane are as follows: preservation of the structural and mechanical properties of the amnion ECM, easiness for preparation and handling, flexibility in adjusting the thickness and mechanical properties to suit the application, and efficiency in inducing bone growth and avoiding fibrous tissues invasion.

Reconstruction of mandibular defects with autogenous bone and decellularized bovine bone grafts with freeze-dried bone marrow stem cell paracrine factors

“…In examined cases in the present study, it was observed that using dHACM for the reconstruction of mandibular bone defects enhanced osseointegration and provided solid protection against fibrous tissue invasion between the bone graft and host mandible bone. Similar results have also been previously reported (51–55). …”

“…Following the decellularization of the dHACM, the majority of the growth factors and cytokines, and the structural and mechanical properties were preserved. In addition, dHACM is easy to prepare and handle, and by its use, fibrous tissue invasion can be prevented (51,56). …”

Concise Review: Fetal Membranes in Regenerative Medicine: New Tricks from an Old Dog?

“…The fetal membranes have been used in regenerative medicine for nearly a century—long before the term “regenerative medicine” was coined . It is now clear that new uses for the fetal membranes, as well as the stem and stem‐like cells derived from the membranes, are being discovered.…”

Guided bone regeneration: materials and biological mechanisms revisited

“…Other types of collagen membranes have been derived from human pericardium and dura mater . There have also been attempts to use the human amnion membranes for making biocompatible membranes using decellularization and sterilization techniques . Lyophilized multilayered amniotic membrane preserves the structural and mechanical properties of the amnion ECM and has good flexibility in adjusting the thickness and mechanical properties.…”

“…Lyophilized multilayered amniotic membrane preserves the structural and mechanical properties of the amnion ECM and has good flexibility in adjusting the thickness and mechanical properties. This particular membrane has been suggested to promote bone growth whilst limiting fibrous tissue invasion .…”