Investigating the quality inspection process of offshore wind turbine blades using B-spline surfaces

Auger, Dominic; Wang, Qing; Trevelyan, J.; Huang, Songling; Zhao, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2017.10.027

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Furthermore, cubic spline filtering [ 53 ], especially B-splines [ 54 ], M-estimator, and Gaussian filtering can be used commonly for decomposition of form features from the results of areal surface topography measurement, cubic spline decomposition was comprehensively studied previously [ 55 ]. The process of combining data from several information sources (instruments or sensors) into a standard representational format and the surface topography can be reconstructed using least-square B spline approximation techniques [ 56 ]. B-spline functions are entirely appropriate in the characterization of defined as freeform or Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline Surfaces (NURBS) [ 57 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of the High-Frequency Errors in Surface Topography Measurements Based on Comparison of Various Spline Filtering Methods

Podulka

2021

Materials

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The metrology of so-called “engineering surfaces” is burdened with a substantial risk of both measurement and data analysis errors. One of the most encouraging issues is the definition of frequency-defined measurement errors. This paper proposes a new method for the suppression and reduction of high-frequency measurement errors from the surface topography data. This technique is based on comparisons of alternative types of noise detection procedures with the examination of profile (2D) or surface (3D) details for both measured and modelled surface topography data. In this paper, the results of applying various spline filters used for suppressions of measurement noise were compared with regard to several kinds of surface textures. For the purpose of the article, the influence of proposed approaches on the values of surface topography parameters (from ISO 25178 for areal and ISO 4287 for profile standards) was also performed. The effect of the distribution of some features of surface texture on the results of suppressions of high-frequency measurement noise was also closely studied. Therefore, the surface topography analysis with Power Spectral Density, Autocorrelation Function, and novel approaches based on the spline modifications or studies of the shape of an Autocorrelation Function was presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of the High-Frequency Errors in Surface Topography Measurements Based on Comparison of Various Spline Filtering Methods

Podulka

2021

Materials

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“…These characteristics allow changes in shape that do not propagate beyond one or only few local segments. The main formula that represents B-Spline curve in term of their blending functions is [7]:…”

Section: B-spline Curves Modeling and Constructingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For B-Spline curves, the variable (k) controls the degree of basis polynomial, which is independent of the numbers of control points. The basis function (Ni, k) is defined by following recursive equation [7]:…”

Section: B-spline Curves Modeling and Constructingmentioning

confidence: 99%

تصـميم وتنفيـذ الاسطح الحـرة بأسـتخدام طريقة التصميم للمقاطـع المستعرضة لمنحنيـات الـ B-spline

Hamdan¹,

Abdulrazaq²

2019

alkej

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This research presents a particular designing strategy for a free form of surfaces, constructed by the lofting design method. The regarded surfaces were created by sliding a B-spline curves (profile curves), in addition to describing an automatic procedure for selective identification of sampling points in reverse engineering applications using Coordinate Measurement Machine. Two models have been implemented from (Ureol material) to represent the different cases of B-spline types to clarify its scope of application. The interior data of the desired surfaces was designed by MATLAB software, which then were transformed to UG-NX9 software for connecting the sections that were designed in MATLAB program and obtaining G-code programs for the models In addition, a virtual machining process was simulated to show the machining pitfalls, using VERICUT software. The samples were machined using 3-axis vertical CNC machine (Isel) type. Finally, the samples were measured using Faro arm (CMM inspection) and it was found that the average of errors was equal to (0.0589 mm) for the cross-sectional uniform B-spline model, and (0.1337 mm) for the lofted non-uniform B-spline model. It can be concluded that the whole steps task which built in the present research can be programmed in a single block of the part program where any surface at minimum designing time can be created from it.

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“…In SA, B-Splines are generated by intersecting a predefined plane in the Z-direction with the CAD surfaces and combing together for each surface section using knot adjustment [26] [21]. Inspection points are then created along each B-Spline to mark where measurements are to be taken.…”

Section: Generating Inspection Points On B-spline Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to investigate how closely the located data points would affect the transformation, a triple B-Spline with tight-fitted points on the curves will be used to test and evaluate the 32 variations in DoF constraints on data alignment on the freeform surfaces to identify the optimal solution. Results will be compared to the previous study to establish any correlation [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Number of Control Points for Fitting B-Splines in Wind Turbine Blade Measurement

Chan

Wang

Holden

et al. 2019

Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.

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The manufacture of large-scale products such as aircraft and wind turbines needs detailed inspection to ensure the required dimensional tolerances are met. A Coherent Laser Radar with an assisting mirror was used in this research to inspect a half-size wind turbine blade. This paper investigates the optimal distribution of inspection points that would produce the most accurate B-Spline fitting to the CAD model surfaces and so shorten the inspection and analysis process without compromising on accuracy. Even though the optimal solution was found to be points with 100mm spacing on a moderate surface gradient and with 20-25mm spacing on a more severe surface gradient, the findings suggest the employment of a non-uniform distribution would produce a more accurate fitting. This paper also explores data alignment by Degree of Freedom (DoF) constraints with a triple B-Spline and investigates whether denser data points would improve the transformation. The optimal solution was found to be constraining movement in Z, Rx and Ry. Therefore, to achieve better transformation, surfaces were treated based on their gradient. This resulted in a constraint in X, Y and Z, and Ry for a moderate gradient and Y, Z and Rz for a more severe gradient. The optimal number of inspection points for fitting a B-Spline on a half-size blade was found to be 18 points for the front section with 100mm spacing, 15 points for the back section with 100mm spacing, and between 14 and 18 points with 20-25mm spacing on the base section.

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Investigating the quality inspection process of offshore wind turbine blades using B-spline surfaces

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Suppression of the High-Frequency Errors in Surface Topography Measurements Based on Comparison of Various Spline Filtering Methods

Suppression of the High-Frequency Errors in Surface Topography Measurements Based on Comparison of Various Spline Filtering Methods

تصـميم وتنفيـذ الاسطح الحـرة بأسـتخدام طريقة التصميم للمقاطـع المستعرضة لمنحنيـات الـ B-spline

Optimal Number of Control Points for Fitting B-Splines in Wind Turbine Blade Measurement

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