“…Substoichiometric titanium oxide (Ti 4 O 7 ) is a recognized effective electrode material [ 12 , 14 , 15 ] due to its relatively high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, high OEP, and relatively low production cost [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Both plate and porous anodes can be made from it.…”