Investigating the Relationship among Prepaid Token Incentives, Response Rates, and Nonresponse Bias in a Web Survey

Parsons, Nicholas L.; Manierre, Matthew

doi:10.1177/1525822x13500120

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This improvement likely indicates that the incentive has higher leverage among college students who are normally unlikely to respond, such as off-campus students and men. This is a key finding given that some prior studies of college students have found that increasing the response rate through prepaid and lottery incentives may further bias responses in web surveys towards certain groups (Boulianne 2013;Heerwegh 2006;Laguilles et al 2011;Parsons and Manierre 2013). Contrary to prior studies, these data suggest that a five-dollar conditional incentive may increase representativeness while also improving response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Two studies have found that lottery incentives attract female respondents to web surveys disproportionately (Heerwegh 2006;Laguilles et al 2011). A similar result was found for prepaid incentives and online surveys, with a group receiving a two-dollar prepaid incentive being less reflective of administrative records than the control group, with the control group matching official records for gender, but the incentivized group being overly female (Parsons and Manierre 2013). Some research also suggests that the gender gap is more pronounced with smaller dollar figures but still exists with higher values nonetheless (Boulianne 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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“Money Will Solve the Problem”: Testing the Effectiveness of Conditional Incentives for Online Surveys

DeCamp

Manierre

2016

Surv Pract

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In conducting surveys, incentivizing participation through the use of cash or other rewards has often been used to encourage participation. This is often done with the hopes of increasing response rates and, therefore, representativeness of the responding sample as well. The effectiveness of incentives has generally been shown to be positive, but results have been mixed for conditional incentives and for online surveys. Using an experimental design and leverage-salience theory, the survey uses a random sample of full-time undergraduate students to estimate group differences. Both official and self-report data are utilized to assess various social statistics. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three different groups, which determined whether they were offered five dollars, two dollars, or nothing for their participation. Results indicate that a five-dollar conditional reward credited to students' campus ID card account does increase participation rates, which does improve the representativeness of the sample by reducing differences in GPA and gender proportions. The difference in representativeness, however, does not appear to significantly bias substantive conclusions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“Money Will Solve the Problem”: Testing the Effectiveness of Conditional Incentives for Online Surveys

DeCamp

Manierre

2016

Surv Pract

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Furthermore, future studies should investigate diverse sizes of facilities and staff, which also have a wide range of male to female correctional officer ratios. Lastly, while overall response rates could be increased with incentives for participation, prior research has cited that incentives may introduce bias (Parsons and Manierre 2014). Finally, perceptions of promotional bias might be influenced by perceptions of hiring bias.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 95%

Perceptions of Gender Bias in the Promotional Process of a Detention Staff

et al. 2015

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With growing numbers of female staff in correctional settings, issues relating to promotional fairness are certain to occur. Historically, female detention staff held perceptions of being discriminated against in the promotional process due to gender biases. However, there is almost no recent examination of these perceptions. The current study addresses this shortcoming in the literature by using a sample of 362 sworn detention deputies ranked Sergeant and below at a large southern-central United States jail. Contrary to the data from a generation ago, more male detention staff perceive gender biases in the promotional process than females, and report that promotional decisions are based on arbitrary and informal factors. Women are more likely to perceive promotions to be fair and based on merit. Results are discussed in relation to two theoretical perspectives: the importation-differential experiences model, and the work-role prisonization model.

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“…They conclude that "more research is needed on how monetary incentives can reduce nonresponse bias rather than merely raising the rate of response" (413). Parsons and Manierre (2014) in turn find that prepaid cash incentives may actually produce results that are less representative of the target population. In a metastudy, Singer and Ye (2013) report that most studies find no or only small effects on sample compositions and call for additional research on the subject.…”

Section: Effects On Sample Composition and Response Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they do not find increased response rates in the 20 Euro and 50 Euro designs compared to those seen at the 10 Euro level. Finally, Parsons and Manierre (2014) report that the use of unconditional incentives improved response rates in a web survey based on a random sample of college students.…”

Section: Effects On Response Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample Representation and Substantive Outcomes Using Web With and Without Incentives Compared to Telephone in an Election Survey

Lipps

Pekari

2016

Journal of Official Statistics

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The objective of this article is to understand how the change of mode from telephone to web affects data quality in terms of sample representation and substantive variable bias. To this end, an experiment, consisting of a web survey with and without a prepaid incentive, was conducted alongside the telephone Swiss election survey. All three designs used identical questionnaires and probability samples drawn from a national register of individuals.First, our findings show that differences in completion rates mostly reflect different levels of coverage in the two modes. Second, incentives in the web survey strongly increase completion rates of all person groups, with the exception of people without Internet access or limited computer literacy. Third, we find voting behavior to be much closer to official figures in the web with the incentive version compared to the two other designs. However, this is partly due to the different sociodemographic compositions of the samples. Other substantive results suggest that the incentive version includes harder-to-reach respondents. Unit costs are much lower in the two web designs compared to the telephone, including when a relatively high incentive is used. We conclude that in countries with high Internet penetration rates such as Switzerland, web surveys are already likely to be highly competitive.

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Investigating the Relationship among Prepaid Token Incentives, Response Rates, and Nonresponse Bias in a Web Survey

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

“Money Will Solve the Problem”: Testing the Effectiveness of Conditional Incentives for Online Surveys

“Money Will Solve the Problem”: Testing the Effectiveness of Conditional Incentives for Online Surveys

Perceptions of Gender Bias in the Promotional Process of a Detention Staff

Sample Representation and Substantive Outcomes Using Web With and Without Incentives Compared to Telephone in an Election Survey

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