Investigating the Relationship between Antioxidants and Fatty Acid Degradation Using a Combination Approach of GC-FID and Square-Wave Voltammetry

Abstract

Analytical methodology for direct investigation of antioxidant systems continues to be a pressing research area. Consumer demand for natural products requires an increase in natural antioxidants; thus, fast, high-throughput, and cost-effective screening methods are in demand. In this study, square-wave voltammetry and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) were used in conjunction to monitor antioxidant and fatty acid degradation, respectively, during the accelerated degradation of an omega-3 fatty acid sample. Butylated hydroxytoluene, sesamol, and rosemary extract were investigated as antioxidants. It was determined that voltammetry could be used to monitor the reduction in oxidation current, which provides a direct assessment method for the reduction of native antioxidant concentration throughout the accelerated degradation. Furthermore, results showed that voltammetry could be used to monitor fatty acid degradation similarly to the fatty acid methyl ester analysis routinely performed using gas chromatography separation. Both voltammetry and GC-FID methods reached similar conclusions about antioxidant quality and efficiency for omega-3 fatty acid protection.

Computationally Designed Sesamol Derivatives Proposed as Potent Antioxidants

“…One of the most widely studied properties of sesamol is its antioxidant activity. − It has been proved to have effective capacity for inhibiting hydroxyl radical-induced deoxyribose degradation and lipid peroxidation ,− which helps protecting plasma, low-density lipoprotein, and erythrocyte membrane from oxidation. − Sesamol also induces nitric oxide (the most important vascular relaxing factor) release from endothelial cells. , It has scavenging effects against hydroxyl (OH • ), superoxide anion (O 2 •– ), nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and other oxidants, − in some cases with an efficiency higher, or equal to those of ascorbic acid and vitamin E . Based on its free radical scavenging activity, it has been suggested to use sesamol in the management of Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s diseases, auto-immunity disorders, and brain damage in autism. − …”

The generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis (wet) as a multifunctional additive for coloring and improving the organoleptic and functional properties of foods

“…38 These compounds show a symbiotic behavior, modulating lipid degradation, thanks to the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids, while maintaining greater stability and bioactivity in compounds such as astaxanthin when in esterified form. 39 This is a clear advantage of using microalga in a paste form (as a whole), as opposed to isolating a single compound by extraction.…”

Krill Oil Perturbs Proliferation and Migration of Mouse Colon Cancer Cells in vitro by Impeding Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway

“…Studies have shown phospholipids have emulsifying properties that improve bioavailability of EPA and DHA in krill oil (Rundblad et al, 2018; Seto et al, 2018). During storage, omega‐3 fatty acids in fish oil may generate oxidation products that may negative impact overall health (Keene et al, 2019; Song et al, 2020); of note, astaxanthin exerts powerful antioxidant property, which suppresses oxidation of omega‐3 fatty acids in krill oil (Ulven and Holven, 2015).…”