Investigating the relationship between multiple grip forces and BOLD signal in the Cerebellum and dentate nuclei of MS subjects

Casiraghi, Letizia; Palesi, Fulvia; Castellazzi, Gloria; Rinaldis, Andrea De; Perri, Carol Di; Wheeler-Kingshott, Cam; D’Angelo, Egidio

doi:10.3389/conf.fncel.2017.37.00001

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“…Ultimately, one could speculate on the tissue composition of an imaging voxel further and try to assess the potential contribution to ΔTSC coming from many compartments, defining, e.g., fractions of the axonal volume, soma, myelin, extra cellular matrix (including astrocytes), VRSV (or CSF) space, and CBV. A comprehensive model should consider exchange of 23Na at synapsis and in other cells such as glial cells, be adapted for different brain regions and different functional tasks ( Alahmadi et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Perspectives of Quantitative Functional Sodium Imaging (fNaI)

et al. 2018

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Brain function has been investigated via the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the past decades. Advances in sodium imaging offer the unique chance to access signal changes directly linked to sodium ions (23Na) flux across the cell membrane, which generates action potentials, hence signal transmission in the brain. During this process 23Na transiently accumulates in the intracellular space. Here we show that quantitative functional sodium imaging (fNaI) at 3T is potentially sensitive to 23Na concentration changes during finger tapping, which can be quantified in gray and white matter regions key to motor function. For the first time, we measured a 23Na concentration change of 0.54 mmol/l in the ipsilateral cerebellum, 0.46 mmol/l in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), 0.27 mmol/l in the corpus callosum and -11 mmol/l in the ipsilateral M1, suggesting that fNaI is sensitive to distributed functional alterations. Open issues persist on the role of the glymphatic system in maintaining 23Na homeostasis, the role of excitation and inhibition as well as volume distributions during neuronal activity. Haemodynamic and physiological signal recordings coupled to realistic models of tissue function will be critical to understand the mechanisms of such changes and contribute to meeting the overarching challenge of measuring neuronal activity in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%