Investigating the role of anticipatory reward and habit strength in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Ferreira, Gabriela M.; Yücel, Murat; Dawson, Andrew; Lorenzetti, Valentina; Fontenelle, Leonardo F.

doi:10.1017/s1092852916000535

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Its activity has been reduced in OCD patients during reward anticipation, particularly in individuals with contamination fears ( Figee et al, 2011 ). Accordingly, we have also found that OCD washers report more positive affect in anticipation of their compulsions than other OCD groups ( Ferreira et al, 2017 ). The findings regarding the discriminative ability of the lingual, middle temporal and angular gyri also dovetail with a model that extends beyond the traditional OCD corticostriatal circuit ( Eng et al, 2015 ; Hu et al, 2016 ; Jung et al, 2013 ; Nakao et al, 2014 ; Piras et al, 2015 ; Tian et al, 2016 ; Wood and Ahmari, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Decoding moral emotions in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Fontenelle¹,

Frydman²,

Hoefle³

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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BackgroundPatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit abnormal neural responses when they experience particular emotions or when they evaluate stimuli with emotional value. Whether these brain responses are sufficiently distinctive to discriminate between OCD patients and healthy controls is unknown. The present study is the first to investigate the discriminative power of multivariate pattern analysis of regional fMRI responses to moral and non-moral emotions.MethodTo accomplish this goal, we performed a searchlight-based multivariate pattern analysis to unveil brain regions that could discriminate 18 OCD patients from 18 matched healthy controls during provoked guilt, disgust, compassion, and anger. We also investigated the existence of distinctive neural patterns while combining those four emotions (herein termed multiemotion analysis).ResultsWe found that different frontostriatal regions discriminated OCD patients from controls based on individual emotional experiences. Most notably, the left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) discriminated OCD patients from controls during both disgust and the multiemotion analysis. Among other regions, the angular gyrus responses to anger and the lingual and the middle temporal gyri in the multi-emotion analysis were highly discriminant between samples. Additional BOLD analyses supported the directionality of these findings.ConclusionsIn line with previous studies, differential activity in regions beyond the frontostriatal circuitry differentiates OCD from healthy volunteers. The finding that the response of the left NAcc to different basic and moral emotions is highly discriminative for a diagnosis of OCD confirms current pathophysiological models and points to new venues of research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Decoding moral emotions in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Fontenelle¹,

Frydman²,

Hoefle³

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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“…8 Indeed, a recent study showed that compulsive behaviors in OCD are reward-driven, as is the case for addictive behaviors. 9 Recently, we investigated the behavioral addiction model of OCD, by assessing two core dimensions of addiction, namely, impulsivity and decision-making, in OCD patients and healthy participants. Similar to common findings in addiction, OCD patients demonstrated increased cognitive impulsivity and impaired decision-making compared to HCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addicted to compulsion: assessing three core dimensions of addiction across obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder

2019

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ObjectiveSeveral studies suggested that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients display increased impulsivity, impaired decision-making, and reward system dysfunction. In a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) perspective, these findings are prototypical for addiction and have led some authors to view OCD as a behavioral addiction. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate similarities and differences on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, as core dimensions of addiction, across OCD and gambling disorder (GD) patients.MethodsForty-four OCD patients, 26 GD patients, and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. Impulsivity was assessed through the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, decision-making through the Iowa Gambling Task, and reward system through a self-report clinical instrument (the Shaps-Hamilton Anhedonia Scale) assessing hedonic tone and through an olfactory test assessing hedonic appraisal to odors.ResultsBoth OCD and GD patients showed increased impulsivity when compared to HCs. More specifically, the OCD patients showed cognitive impulsivity, and the GD patients showed both increased cognitive and motor impulsivity. Furthermore, both OCD and GD patients showed impaired decision-making performances when compared to HCs. Finally, GD patients showed increased anhedonia and blunted hedonic response to pleasant odors unrelated to gambling or depression/anxiety symptoms, while OCD patients showed only increased anhedonia levels related to OC and depression/anxiety symptoms.ConclusionOCD patients showed several similarities and some differences with GD patients when compared to HCs on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, three core dimensions of addiction. These results could have relevant implications for the research of new treatment targets for OCD.

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“…Alterations in this circuit may lead to perseverative behaviors by disrupting the balance between goal-oriented and habitual behavior [31][32][33] . Indeed, several studies support a correlation between increased reliance on habitual learning and severity of compulsions 30,34 . Determining the causal role of the dACC-DMS circuit in compulsive behavior -and how this circuit is modulated by ketamine -could provide critical insights into OCD pathology that are necessary for developing better treatment options.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine increases activity of a fronto-striatal projection that regulates compulsive behavior

Davis

Minerva

Lario

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions), is associated with dysfunction in fronto-striatal circuits. There are currently no fastacting pharmacological treatments for OCD. However, recent clinical studies demonstrated that an intravenous infusion of ketamine rapidly reduces OCD symptoms. To probe mechanisms underlying ketamine’s therapeutic effect on OCD-like behaviors, we used the SAPAP3 knockout (KO) mouse model of compulsive grooming. Here we recapitulate the fast-acting therapeutic effect of ketamine on compulsive behavior, and show that ketamine increases activity of dorsomedial prefrontal neurons projecting to the dorsomedial striatum in KO mice. Optogenetically mimicking this increase in fronto-striatal activity rescued compulsive grooming behavior in KO mice. Conversely, inhibiting this circuit in wild-type mice increased grooming. These studies demonstrate that ketamine increases activity in a fronto-striatal circuit that causally controls compulsive grooming behavior, suggesting this circuit may be important for ketamine’s therapeutic effects in OCD.

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Investigating the role of anticipatory reward and habit strength in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Abstract: Compulsive washing may be more clearly characterized by problems in reward processing. In contrast, duration of checking, severity of OCD, and comorbidity with impulse control disorders shape compulsive behaviors by imparting them with habitual tendencies.

Cited by 44 publications

References 39 publications

Decoding moral emotions in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Decoding moral emotions in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Addicted to compulsion: assessing three core dimensions of addiction across obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder

Ketamine increases activity of a fronto-striatal projection that regulates compulsive behavior

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